D Glossary Terms

D-1MT, also called 1-Methyl-D-Tryptophan, is a substance being studied to help the immune system fight cancer. It works by blocking the breakdown of tryptophan, an amino acid that immune cells need to attack tumor cells. D-1MT is not yet a standard treatment but may be offered in clinical trials, often after chemotherapy, to help kill remaining cancer cells.

D-20761 is a synthetic medicine that blocks luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), which lowers levels of certain hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex steroids. It is sometimes mentioned in cancer care, especially where hormone levels affect the disease. Patients should discuss with their care team what this term means for their specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

D-Cycloserine, also known as Seromycin, is an antibiotic mainly used to treat tuberculosis, especially drug-resistant forms. It is being studied for other uses like managing nerve pain caused by chemotherapy and some mental health conditions. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment plan.

D&C, or dilation and curettage, is a procedure where the cervix is gently opened and a small spoon-shaped instrument called a curette is used to scrape and remove tissue from the lining of the uterus. It is often done to collect tissue samples for testing or to treat conditions like abnormal bleeding or to clear tissue after a miscarriage.

DA-EPOCH-R is a chemotherapy treatment used for certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It combines several drugs, including rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. The doses of some drugs are adjusted during treatment cycles to find the best balance between effectiveness and side effects. Patients should discuss with their care team how this treatment applies to their specific situation.

DA-EPOCH-R is a chemotherapy treatment used mainly for certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It combines six drugs, including rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. The doses of some drugs are adjusted during treatment cycles to find the best balance between effectiveness and side effects. Patients should talk with their care team to understand how this treatment applies to their individual situation.

Da-Huang, also known as Chinese Rhubarb, Indian Rhubarb, or Turkish Rhubarb, is the root of certain plants used in traditional medicine. It may have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, but it is not a standard or approved cancer treatment. Patients should discuss its use with their healthcare team to understand how it fits into their care and to avoid confusion with similar names.

Dabrafenib mesylate (brand name Tafinlar) is a cancer drug used alone or with trametinib to treat certain tumors that have a specific change (mutation) in the BRAF gene. It is approved for some types of thyroid cancer, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and low-grade brain tumors in children. Dabrafenib works by blocking proteins made by the mutated BRAF gene, which may help slow cancer growth.

Dabska tumor, also called papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma, is a rare, slow-growing tumor made of blood vessel cells. It can form in or just under the skin anywhere on the body and often appears as firm, raised, purplish bumps. This tumor usually does not spread to other parts of the body and can affect both children and adults.

DACA, also called Acridine Carboxamide, is a substance studied as a possible cancer treatment. It belongs to a group of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors, which may help stop cancer cells from growing. If you see DACA mentioned in your care, ask your healthcare team what it means for your treatment plan, as it is not a commonly used or approved drug yet.

Dacarbazine is a chemotherapy drug used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma that has not improved with other treatments and certain types of melanoma. It works by damaging cancer cells’ DNA to stop their growth. Dacarbazine is often given alone or combined with other drugs in treatment plans. Patients should discuss with their care team how this drug fits into their specific care.

Dacliximab, also known as daclizumab or Zenapax, is a type of monoclonal antibody drug. It works by attaching to certain receptors on immune cells and some cancer cells. Originally used to help prevent kidney transplant rejection, it is also being studied for use in cancer treatment. Patients may see this term in medical reports or treatment discussions and should ask their care team how it relates to their care.

Daclizumab, also known as dacliximab or Zenapax, is a lab-made protein called a monoclonal antibody. It attaches to certain receptors on immune cells and some cancer cells. Originally used to prevent kidney transplant rejection, it has also been studied for treating some cancers and other conditions. Patients may see this term in medical reports or treatment discussions and should ask their care team how it relates to their care.

Dacogen, also known as decitabine, is a medicine used to treat certain blood disorders called myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). It works by stopping cells from making DNA, which may help kill cancer cells. Dacogen is approved by the FDA and is being studied for other types of cancer as well.

Dacomitinib, also known as PF-00299804 or Vizimpro, is a medication used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has spread and has certain changes in the EGFR gene. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow. It is approved for use in several countries and is being studied for other cancers. Patients should discuss with their care team how this drug applies to their treatment.

Dactinomycin, also known as Actinomycin D or Cosmegen, is a chemotherapy drug made from a natural bacterium. It is used to treat certain cancers in adults and children, such as Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, gestational trophoblastic tumor, and some testicular cancers. It works by damaging cancer cells’ DNA to help stop their growth.

Daidzein is a natural compound called an isoflavone found mainly in soy products and some legumes. It is being studied for its possible effects on cancer risk, especially hormone-related cancers like breast and prostate cancer. However, daidzein is not a cancer treatment, and patients should always discuss any supplements or dietary changes with their healthcare team.

Dalteparin sodium, also known as Fragmin, is a medicine that helps prevent or treat blood clots. It is often used in people with cancer or other health conditions to reduce the risk of clots that can cause serious problems like deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. It is important to understand how this medicine fits into your care by talking with your healthcare team.

Danazol is a synthetic hormone medicine mainly used to treat endometriosis. It has been linked to some risks, including liver tumors and possibly ovarian cancer when used for endometriosis. Because of side effects like unwanted hair growth and voice changes, it is less commonly used today and often replaced by other treatments. Patients should discuss with their care team how danazol might affect their individual health.

Danyelza (naxitamab) is a medicine used with GM-CSF to treat children and adults with certain high-risk neuroblastoma affecting the bone or bone marrow that has returned or not improved after other treatments. It is a targeted therapy that helps the immune system attack cancer cells by binding to a protein called GD2 found on some neuroblastoma cells.

Dapsone is a medicine used to treat certain bacterial infections and skin conditions, including leprosy and severe acne. It works by stopping bacteria from growing and also has anti-inflammatory effects. While effective, dapsone can cause serious side effects, so doctors carefully decide when it is the best choice. Patients should always discuss how dapsone applies to their care with their healthcare team.

Daptomycin, also known by the brand name Cubicin, is an antibiotic used to treat certain serious bacterial infections of the skin and bloodstream in adults. It is being studied for use in cancer patients who develop fever and neutropenia, a low white blood cell count that increases infection risk. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your treatment.

DAR stands for Drug Accountability Record, a detailed log used in clinical trials to track study drugs. It records information like drug name, lot number, expiration date, and amounts received, used, or returned. For patients and caregivers, seeing DAR in medical documents means it’s important to ask the care team how it relates to their treatment, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Daratumumab (brand name Darzalex) is a medicine used to treat adults with multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. It can be given alone or with other cancer drugs, especially when the cancer is new or has returned after previous treatments. Daratumumab works by targeting a protein called CD38 on cancer cells, helping the immune system attack them. It is also being studied for other cancers.

Daratumumab and hyaluronidase (brand name Darzalex Faspro) is a combination medicine used to treat adults with certain blood cancers like multiple myeloma and light-chain amyloidosis. Daratumumab helps the immune system attack cancer cells, while hyaluronidase allows the medicine to be given as a shorter injection under the skin instead of a longer infusion.

Darbepoetin alfa, also known by the brand name Aranesp, is a medicine used to treat anemia, a condition where the blood has too few red blood cells. It helps the body make more red blood cells, often given to people with chronic kidney disease or those receiving chemotherapy for cancer. It is not a cancer treatment but supports patients by managing anemia symptoms.

A dark-field microscope is a special type of microscope that lights up tiny objects from the side, making the background appear dark and the objects stand out clearly. It helps doctors and scientists see small details that might be hard to spot with regular microscopes. If you see this term in your cancer care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment.

Chinese Weevils (Ulomoides dermestoides) are small darkling beetles used in an unapproved folk practice called Darkling Beetle Therapy or coleotherapy. This involves swallowing live beetles in increasing amounts, based on beliefs about their defensive secretions. There is no clinical evidence supporting their safety or effectiveness for cancer treatment, and some reports raise safety concerns.

Darolutamide (brand name Nubeqa) is a medicine used to treat a type of prostate cancer called non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) in men. It works by blocking male hormone signals that help cancer grow. Darolutamide is taken by mouth, usually twice a day with food, and is often used alongside treatments that lower testosterone levels.

Darzalex (daratumumab) is a medicine used to treat adults with multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer. It can be given alone or with other cancer drugs, especially when the cancer is new or has returned after previous treatments. Darzalex works by helping the immune system find and attack cancer cells. It may also be given as a shorter injection combined with another medicine called hyaluronidase.

Darzalex Faspro is a cancer medicine combining daratumumab and hyaluronidase, used to treat adults with certain blood cancers like multiple myeloma and light-chain amyloidosis. It is given as a quick injection under the skin, which takes less time than the traditional infusion of daratumumab alone. This treatment helps the immune system target cancer cells and can be used alone or with other cancer drugs.

Dasatinib, also known by its brand name Sprycel, is a targeted cancer medicine used to treat certain types of leukemia in adults and children aged 1 year and older. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow, especially in leukemias with a genetic change called the Philadelphia chromosome. Dasatinib may be used alone or with other drugs as part of treatment.

A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) is an independent group of experts who watch over clinical trials to make sure they are safe and fair. They review trial results regularly and can recommend changes or stopping the trial if needed. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask your care team how it relates to your care, rather than seeing it as a diagnosis or treatment advice.

Data G Health Strategy, also known as MOJO Healing Strategy, is a program or system that combines various ideas, tests, supplements, lifestyle changes, medications, coaching, and clinic services related to cancer care. It is discussed in cancer prevention, treatment support, symptom relief, recovery, and survivorship. This entry is informational and not a recommendation to use the protocol.

Data G Health Strategy, also called MOJO Healing Strategy, is a program that combines various tests, supplements, lifestyle changes, medications, coaching, and clinic services related to cancer care. It is discussed in cancer prevention, treatment support, symptom relief, recovery, and survivorship. This entry is informational and not a recommendation to use the protocol.

Datopotamab deruxtecan, also known as Datroway, is a targeted cancer drug used to treat certain types of breast cancer that have spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It works by attaching to a protein on cancer cells and delivering a medicine that helps kill them. It is approved for adults with hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and is being studied for other cancers.

Datroway (datopotamab deruxtecan) is a targeted cancer drug used to treat certain types of breast cancer that have spread or cannot be removed by surgery. It works by attaching to a protein on cancer cells and delivering chemotherapy directly to them. It is approved for adults with hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer after other treatments have been tried and is being studied for other cancers.

Daunomycin Hydrochloride, also known as Daunorubicin Hydrochloride, is a chemotherapy drug used mainly to treat certain types of leukemia in adults and children. It works by blocking enzymes needed for cancer cells to divide and repair their DNA, helping to kill these cells. It is often given with other drugs as part of remission induction therapy to reduce or remove signs of cancer.

Daunorubicin Hydrochloride, also called Daunomycin Hydrochloride, is a chemotherapy drug used mainly to treat certain blood cancers like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults and children. It works by blocking enzymes cancer cells need to grow and repair, helping to kill them. It is often given with other drugs as part of remission induction therapy.

Daunorubicin Hydrochloride and Cytarabine Liposome, also known as Vyxeos, is a cancer treatment combining two chemotherapy drugs inside tiny fat particles called liposomes. It is used mainly to treat adults with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), especially certain types like therapy-related AML or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. This form may work better and cause fewer side effects than other versions of these drugs.

Daurismo (also called glasdegib maleate) is a medicine used with low-dose cytarabine to treat newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults aged 75 or older, or those who cannot have intensive chemotherapy. It works by blocking proteins involved in cancer cell growth. Daurismo may also be studied for other cancers. Always ask your care team how it applies to your treatment.

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a very rare inherited condition where the bone marrow makes too few red blood cells, usually noticed in babies under one year old. It can cause symptoms like tiredness and pale skin, and some children may have physical differences such as thumb deformities. People with DBA have a higher risk of certain cancers, including leukemia and bone cancer, so careful monitoring is important.

Double Balloon Endoscopy (DBE) is a medical procedure used to look inside the small intestine. It uses a special flexible tube with two balloons that help move the scope through the intestine for detailed viewing. Patients may see the term DBE in reports or discussions related to diagnosis or treatment, especially in cancer care. It’s important to ask your care team how DBE applies to your situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

DBVE, also called ABVE or ABVE regimen, is a chemotherapy combination used with radiation therapy to treat Hodgkin lymphoma in children. It includes four drugs—doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and etoposide—that work together to attack cancer cells in different ways. Patients and caregivers may see these names in treatment plans or medical reports and should ask their care team how it applies to their specific situation.

The DBVE Regimen, also called ABVE or ABVE Regimen, is a chemotherapy treatment used with radiation therapy to treat children with Hodgkin lymphoma. It combines four drugs—doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine, and etoposide—that work together to attack cancer cells in different ways. Families may hear these names during treatment discussions or see them in medical reports.

DBVE-PC is a chemotherapy treatment used with radiation to treat children with Hodgkin lymphoma. It combines six different cancer-fighting drugs that work together to attack cancer cells in various ways. You might see it called ABVE-PC, DBVE-PC, or similar names. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers know what medicines are involved and what to expect during treatment.

The DBVE-PC regimen is a combination of six chemotherapy drugs used with radiation therapy to treat children with Hodgkin lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. The drugs work together to attack cancer cells in different ways. This treatment is often called ABVE-PC or DBVE-PC, and understanding these names helps families know what medicines are involved and what to expect during therapy.

Dichloroacetate (DCA) Metabolic Therapy is an approach sometimes discussed in cancer care. People may explore it for possible anticancer effects, symptom relief, nutrition support, or to improve treatment tolerance and quality of life. It is considered a complementary or alternative approach and should always be discussed with a healthcare provider before use, especially during active cancer treatment.

DCF is a chemotherapy combination used to treat certain cancers, including some head and neck and stomach cancers. It includes three drugs: docetaxel (Taxotere), cisplatin (Platinol), and fluorouracil. You might also see it called TPF or the TPF regimen. If you come across this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific treatment plan.

DCIS, or ductal carcinoma in situ, is a condition where abnormal cells are found inside the milk ducts of the breast but have not spread outside. It is a non-invasive form of breast cancer often called stage 0 breast cancer. While not life-threatening itself, DCIS may increase the risk of developing invasive breast cancer if untreated. Understanding this diagnosis helps guide treatment and monitoring decisions.

The DDB2 gene makes a protein that helps repair damaged DNA in cells. Changes (mutations) in this gene can reduce the cell’s ability to fix DNA damage, which may lead to abnormal cell growth. Mutations in DDB2 are linked to a rare inherited condition called xeroderma pigmentosum, which increases the risk of skin and other cancers. It’s important to understand DDB2 in context and discuss its meaning with your care team.

Denys-Drash syndrome (DDS) is a rare condition that usually causes kidney failure in young children and increases the risk of Wilms tumor, a type of kidney cancer. Children with DDS may also have abnormal sexual development and a higher chance of other cancers. If you see DDS mentioned in medical reports, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for the individual patient’s diagnosis and care.

The De Gramont regimen is a chemotherapy treatment combining fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid (leucovorin) used mainly for colorectal cancer. It may also be combined with other drugs like oxaliplatin in regimens such as FOLFOX. This treatment helps slow cancer growth but does not always increase overall survival. Patients should discuss with their care team how this regimen applies to their specific situation.

De novo is a medical term meaning “new” or “from the beginning.” In cancer care, it often describes a cancer or condition that appears for the first time in the body, not related to a previous cancer. It can also refer to a new genetic mutation that was not inherited from a person’s parents. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers ask the right questions about diagnosis and treatment.

A de novo mutation is a new change in a person’s DNA that was not inherited from their parents. It can happen in an egg or sperm cell, or early in embryo development. Sometimes, these new mutations may play a role in cancer or other diseases. If you see this term in your medical information, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A de novo variant is a new change in a person’s DNA that was not inherited from their parents. It can happen in a parent’s egg or sperm, right after fertilization, or early in embryo development. Sometimes, these new mutations may play a role in cancer or other diseases. If you see this term in your medical information, ask your care team how it applies to your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

De Qi sensation is a feeling such as tingling, numbness, or heaviness that some people notice when an acupuncture needle is placed and gently moved or stimulated. It may happen when the needle is twirled, moved, heated, or given a small electric current. If you hear this term, ask your care team how it relates to your treatment, as it is not a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

The death cap, or Amanita phalloides, is a highly poisonous mushroom that can cause serious liver and kidney damage. While it is not related to cancer or cancer treatments, poisoning from this mushroom can affect how cancer care is managed because healthy liver and kidney function is important for many cancer medicines.

Death rattle is a gurgling or rattling sound that can happen when a person is near death. It is caused by saliva and mucus building up in the throat because the person is too weak to clear it by coughing. This sound is common in the final hours or days of life and can be distressing for family members, though the person usually does not feel discomfort from it.

Death Receptor 4 (also called DR4, TRAIL receptor 1, or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A) is a protein found on the surface of some cells. It can bind to a protein called TRAIL, which may help kill certain cancer cells. Understanding this receptor can be important in cancer research and treatment discussions.

Death Receptor 5 (also called DR5, TRAIL Receptor 2, or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B) is a protein found on the surface of some cells. It can bind to another protein called TRAIL, which may help kill certain cancer cells. Understanding this receptor can be important in cancer research and treatment, but its mention alone is not a diagnosis or treatment plan.

DEB, or dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, is a rare inherited condition where fragile skin and inner linings blister easily, often from birth. These blisters can cause scarring and other problems like difficulty swallowing or vision issues. Some people with DEB have a higher risk of skin cancer. If you see DEB mentioned in medical reports, ask your care team what it means for you or your loved one.

Debulking, also called tumor debulking, is surgery to remove as much of a tumor as possible. It is often used for solid tumors in one area and may help make chemotherapy or radiation more effective. Sometimes, debulking is done to relieve symptoms caused by the tumor pressing on organs, improving quality of life even if it doesn’t cure the cancer.

Deceased means that a person has died, which is the irreversible end of life. Medical definitions of death have evolved over time, especially with advances like CPR and life support. Brain death, where the brain stops functioning completely, is often used as a legal definition of death, though some aspects remain debated. Understanding what deceased means can help patients and caregivers during difficult times.

Decitabine, also known by the brand name Dacogen, is a medicine used to treat certain blood disorders called myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). It works by interfering with the cancer cells’ ability to make DNA, which can slow or stop their growth. Decitabine is given under medical supervision and is being studied for other types of cancer as well.

Decitabine and cedazuridine (brand name Inqovi) is a combination medicine taken by mouth to treat adults with certain blood cancers called myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Cedazuridine helps decitabine stay active longer in the body, which may help kill more cancer cells. It is approved for use in several types and risk groups of MDS and CMML.

Declomycin, also known as demeclocycline hydrochloride, is a type of antibiotic that can affect how the kidneys handle water and bind calcium in bones. It is sometimes studied to help detect new bone growth in patients receiving certain cancer-related bone treatments. Patients may see this term in medical reports or discussions and should ask their care team how it relates to their own care.

Decortication is a surgical procedure that removes the outer layer or fibrous covering of an organ, often the lung. It is usually done when a thick, stiff layer restricts lung expansion, such as in fibrothorax. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia and may help improve breathing. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your specific health situation.

A decubitus ulcer, also called a bedsore or pressure sore, is an area of skin damage caused by constant pressure that reduces blood flow. These sores often develop on bony parts of the body like the back, hips, heels, or elbows. People who spend long periods in bed or use a wheelchair are more likely to get them. Early signs include skin color changes, swelling, and tenderness. Careful prevention and treatment are important to avoid serious tissue damage.

A deductible is the amount of money you pay for health care services before your insurance starts to help. In cancer care, understanding your deductible is important because treatments and tests can be costly. Having Medicare or other insurance doesn’t always cover all expenses; you may still need to pay deductibles, copays, or coinsurance. Always ask your care team how your deductible applies to your specific situation.

Deep breathing, also called abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing, is a simple relaxation technique where you breathe deeply using your diaphragm and belly muscles. It helps increase oxygen in your blood and can reduce stress, anxiety, and muscle tension. This method is often recommended during cancer care to support comfort and calmness during treatment or recovery.

Deep breathing exercises, also called abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing, are simple relaxation techniques that involve slow, deep breaths using the diaphragm and belly muscles. These exercises can help reduce stress, ease anxiety, improve sleep, and support overall well-being. In cancer care, they are often used to help manage symptoms like breathlessness, fatigue, and anxiety during treatment or recovery.

Deep sedation is a medically controlled state where a person is in a deep sleep, feels no pain, and is hard to wake up. It is used during some medical or surgical procedures to relieve anxiety and discomfort. Unlike general anesthesia, deep sedation may allow some breathing without assistance but usually means the patient won’t remember the procedure. Patients and caregivers should ask their care team how deep sedation applies to their specific situation.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg, thigh, or pelvis. It can cause pain, swelling, and redness. If a clot breaks loose, it can travel to the lungs and cause a serious condition called pulmonary embolism. Sitting still for long periods increases the risk of DVT. Treatment often involves medicines that help prevent clots from growing or forming.

Defecation, also called a bowel movement, is the process of passing stool (waste) from the intestines out of the body through the anus. It is a normal part of digestion. In cancer care, changes in bowel movements—such as diarrhea, constipation, or loss of control—can be important to report, as they may relate to treatment side effects or other health issues.

Deferasirox, also known by the brand name Exjade, is a medicine taken by mouth to remove extra iron from the blood. It is often used for people who have too much iron because of frequent blood transfusions. Deferasirox works by binding to iron so the body can get rid of it. Patients should always discuss how this medicine applies to their care with their healthcare team.

Deferoxamine is a medicine that helps remove excess iron and aluminum from the body. It is used to treat iron poisoning, reduce side effects of some cancer drugs, and manage iron overload in conditions like sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Patients should always ask their care team how deferoxamine applies to their specific situation rather than assuming it means a particular diagnosis or treatment.

Deferred Therapy, also called Expectant Management, means closely watching a patient’s condition without starting treatment right away. Patients may have regular exams and tests to check for changes. This approach helps avoid side effects from treatments like surgery or radiation and is sometimes used in slow-growing cancers such as prostate cancer. It’s important to understand how this term applies to each person by discussing it with the care team.

Defibrotide Sodium, also known as Defitelio, is a drug used to treat hepatic veno-occlusive disease (also called sinusoidal obstruction syndrome). This condition involves blockage of small veins in the liver and can occur in adults and children who have kidney or lung problems after a stem cell transplant. Defibrotide Sodium may help improve blood flow inside the liver by affecting the cells lining blood vessels.

A deficiency means your body lacks enough of a needed substance, like a vitamin, mineral, or protein. In cancer care, certain deficiencies, such as alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, can affect lung or liver health and influence treatment or monitoring. If you hear this term, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your health, as it is not a diagnosis by itself but part of understanding your condition.

Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair (dMMR) means that certain cells have problems fixing mistakes made when DNA is copied. This can lead to many DNA mutations and may increase the risk of cancer. It is most often found in colorectal, gastrointestinal, and endometrial cancers, but can also appear in other types. Knowing if a tumor has dMMR can help doctors plan treatment and predict how well it might respond.

Deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR) means that certain cells have trouble fixing mistakes made when DNA is copied. This can lead to many DNA mutations and may increase the risk of cancer. It is most often found in colorectal, gastrointestinal, and endometrial cancers but can also appear in other types. Knowing if a tumor has dMMR can help doctors plan treatment and predict how well it might respond.

A definitive diagnosis is the final determination of a disease or condition, made after doctors review results from tests like blood work and biopsies. It confirms whether cancer or another illness is present. While some scans can suggest where cancer might be, they do not provide a definitive diagnosis by themselves. Always discuss what this term means for your specific situation with your care team.

Definitive treatment is the best treatment plan chosen for a patient after considering all options. It aims to fully address the cause of a disease or condition, such as removing the source of inflammation. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask the care team how it applies to their specific situation.

Defitelio, also known as defibrotide sodium, is a medicine used to treat hepatic veno-occlusive disease (also called sinusoidal obstruction syndrome). This serious liver condition can happen after a stem cell transplant, especially in people with kidney or lung problems. Defitelio may help improve blood flow in the liver by protecting blood vessel cells. It is important to talk with your healthcare team about how this drug applies to your care.

Degarelix acetate, also known by the brand name Firmagon, is a drug used to treat advanced prostate cancer. It works by blocking signals in the brain that tell the testicles to make testosterone, a hormone that can help some prostate cancer cells grow. By lowering testosterone levels, degarelix may help slow or stop the growth of these cancer cells.

Degenerative diseases are conditions where tissues or organs gradually worsen over time. Examples include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, osteoarthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Symptoms may involve pain, numbness, loss of sensation, or muscle weakness. These diseases can affect the spinal cord and other parts of the body. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your specific situation.

Dehydration happens when your body loses more fluids than it takes in, making it hard for your body to work properly. It can be caused by diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, fever, or not drinking enough fluids. Symptoms include thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, and dark urine. Severe dehydration needs urgent medical care, especially if you feel confused, faint, or have a rapid heartbeat.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a natural hormone made by the body that helps produce other hormones like testosterone and estrogen. It is sometimes mentioned in cancer care because it is being studied for possible effects on cancer prevention, though there is no clear evidence it works for this. DHEA is also sold as a supplement, but patients should always talk with their care team before using it.

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Response (DTH) is an immune reaction that happens 1 to 3 days after the body encounters a substance it sees as foreign. It mainly involves certain immune cells called T cells, rather than antibodies. Patients may see this term in medical reports or discussions, but it is not a diagnosis or treatment by itself. Always ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation.

A deleterious mutation is a change in a gene’s DNA that can cause or increase the risk of certain diseases, including cancer. It may be inherited or happen during a person’s life. This term is also called disease-causing mutation, pathogenic variant, predisposing mutation, or susceptibility gene mutation. Having one does not always mean a person will develop the disease.

Deletion 17P is a genetic change where part or all of the short arm (called the p arm) of chromosome 17 is missing. This loss includes the TP53 gene, which helps control cell growth and prevent cancer. It is linked to some blood cancers like leukemia, multiple myeloma, and myelodysplastic syndrome. Testing for 17P deletion helps doctors diagnose cancer, plan treatment, and understand prognosis.

The Delgado Protocol is a multi-part care approach linked to a specific clinic or practitioner. It may include diagnostics, diet, supplements, procedures, coaching, and follow-up. In cancer care, it is important to review this protocol carefully with your healthcare team to understand its role, safety, and how it fits with your current treatment and health status.

Delirium is a sudden change in mental state causing confusion, reduced awareness, and difficulty focusing. It often comes and goes and can include restlessness, sleep problems, or hallucinations. Delirium is usually temporary and treatable, often caused by infections, medicines, or serious illness. It is different from dementia, which develops slowly and usually does not improve.

Demeclocycline Hydrochloride, also known as Declomycin, is an antibiotic that can affect how the kidneys handle water and bind calcium in bones. It is sometimes studied in cancer care to help detect new bone growth in patients receiving treatments like bisphosphonates for bone pain. Patients may see this term in medical reports or discussions and should ask their care team how it relates to their care.

Dementia is a condition that affects memory, thinking, and daily activities. In cancer care, understanding dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease, is important because it can influence treatment choices and how patients manage their care. Patients and caregivers should ask their healthcare team how dementia affects their specific situation rather than assuming it means the same for everyone.

Demerol, also known as meperidine hydrochloride, is a synthetic opioid medication used to relieve moderate to severe pain. It works by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which helps block pain signals and change how the body feels pain. Patients may see the name Demerol or meperidine in medical notes or treatment plans, so it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation.

A dendritic cell is a special immune cell that helps the body recognize and fight infections and cancer by showing pieces of harmful substances, called antigens, to other immune cells. In cancer care, dendritic cells are important because they help the immune system spot cancer cells. Some treatments, called dendritic cell vaccines, use a patient’s own immune cells to boost this response. Always ask your care team how this term applies to your situation.

A dendritic cell vaccine is a type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. It is made using special immune cells called dendritic cells, often taken from your own body and modified in a lab. These vaccines are a form of immunotherapy and are used in some cancers like advanced prostate cancer. Talk with your care team to understand if this treatment is right for you.

Denial in cancer care refers to when a person has difficulty accepting the reality of their diagnosis or treatment. It can affect how patients cope with their illness and follow medical advice. Understanding denial helps patients and caregivers recognize common emotional responses and encourages open conversations with the healthcare team about feelings and care plans.

Denileukin diftitox, also known as Lymphir, is a medicine approved to treat adults with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that has returned or not improved after other treatments. It combines a part of the immune system protein interleukin-2 with a bacterial toxin to target and kill cancer cells. It is given through an intravenous infusion and is being studied for other cancers as well.

Denomination is a word that can mean different things depending on the context. It often refers to a religious group with shared beliefs and practices, such as Christian, Jewish, or Islamic denominations. It can also mean a unit of currency or a category of postage stamps. In cancer care, it’s important to understand how the term is used in your specific situation and ask your care team for clarification.

Denosumab is a medicine used to protect and strengthen bones in people with certain cancers, such as breast or prostate cancer, that increase the risk of bone fractures. It is also used to treat specific bone tumors that cannot be removed by surgery and to manage high calcium levels caused by cancer. Denosumab is known by brand names like Prolia and Xgeva and works by slowing bone breakdown.

Dense breast tissue means having more fibrous and glandular tissue than fatty tissue in the breasts. This can make it harder to see cancer on a mammogram and is linked to a higher risk of breast cancer. If you hear you have dense breasts, it’s important to talk with your care team about what this means for your screening and health.

Dense connective tissue, also called fibrous connective tissue, is a type of strong tissue made mostly of collagen fibers and cells called fibroblasts. It supports and holds bones, muscles, and organs in place. Examples include tendons, ligaments, the inner skin layer, and the white part of the eye. When you see this term in medical reports, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

A dental implant is a small metal device surgically placed into the jawbone to act as a stable anchor for artificial teeth like crowns, bridges, or dentures. It helps replace missing teeth and can also support orthodontic treatments. Dental implants rely on a natural process where the bone bonds tightly to the implant, providing long-lasting support for dental prosthetics.

A dentist is a health professional trained to care for your teeth, gums, and mouth. They help prevent and treat problems like tooth decay, cavities, and gum disease. Dentists also play an important role in cancer care by managing oral health issues that can arise from cancer treatments. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Denys-Drash Syndrome (DDS) is a rare condition that usually causes kidney failure in young children, often before age 3. It also affects sexual organ development and increases the risk of Wilms tumor, a type of kidney cancer, as well as some other cancers. If you see DDS mentioned in medical reports, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for the individual patient’s diagnosis and care.

5-Fluoro-2-Deoxycytidine, also called FdCyd, is a drug being studied as a possible treatment for some cancers. It works by interfering with cancer cells’ ability to grow and divide. FdCyd is not yet a standard treatment and is mainly available through clinical trials. Patients should ask their care team how it might relate to their own treatment rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or recommendation.

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the molecule inside cells that carries the genetic instructions needed for a person and most living things to grow and develop. It is made of two strands twisted into a spiral ladder shape called a double helix. DNA contains four chemical bases—adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine—that pair up to hold the strands together and form the code of life.

Depakene, also known as Stavzor or valproic acid, is a medication mainly used to treat seizures, bipolar disorder, and prevent migraines. It is also being studied for possible use in cancer treatment because it may slow cancer cell growth and block blood vessel growth in tumors. Patients may see different names for this drug, so it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS or DHHS) is a U.S. government agency that works to protect public health and provide important services. It oversees programs related to medical research, food and drug safety, health insurance, and disease prevention. Several well-known agencies, like the CDC and FDA, are part of HHS. Patients may hear about HHS in health updates, research studies, or cancer prevention advice.

Depression is a medical condition marked by ongoing feelings of sadness, low energy, and difficulty managing daily life. It can affect adults and children with cancer, as well as their family members. Depression is different from normal sadness and can be treated with counseling, medication, or both. If you or a loved one has cancer and experiences symptoms of depression, it’s important to talk with your health care team.

Depsipeptides are natural or lab-made substances studied for cancer treatment. They are a type of molecule similar to peptides but with some chemical differences. Some depsipeptides, like the drug romidepsin, can affect cancer cell growth. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your care rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A derivative is a substance made from or related to another substance. In cancer care, vitamin A derivatives like tretinoin creams (such as Avita) are often used to help manage skin side effects from treatments. Seeing the word derivative in your care plan usually means your team is addressing skin health or exploring related treatments, not that it is a cancer drug itself. Always ask your care team how it applies to your situation.

Dermabrasion is a surgical skin treatment that smooths the skin by removing its top layers. It is often used to improve the look of deep scars, wrinkles, or uneven skin. Microdermabrasion is a gentler, non-surgical version that exfoliates only the outermost skin layer with minimal side effects. Patients should discuss with their care team how dermabrasion applies to their specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment recommendation.

Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin that can cause redness, itching, and rash. In cancer care, it may appear as acne-like bumps or rashes caused by treatments. Understanding dermatitis in context helps patients and caregivers recognize skin changes and discuss them with their care team for proper management. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, slow-growing skin tumor that starts as a firm nodule, usually on the limbs or trunk. It grows into nearby tissues but rarely spreads to other parts of the body. DFSP is related to giant cell fibroblastomas and is treated with surgery or targeted drugs like imatinib. Patients should discuss what this diagnosis means for their specific case with their healthcare team.

A dermatologist is a doctor specially trained to diagnose and treat skin problems. They help with conditions ranging from common skin changes to skin cancers. Patients often visit dermatologists for skin exams, biopsies, and treatments related to skin health and cancer prevention. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Dermatomyositis is a rare disease that causes inflammation of the skin and muscles. It often leads to a distinctive rash and muscle weakness, especially in the upper arms, hips, and thighs. People with dermatomyositis may have a higher risk of certain cancers and other health problems. Understanding how this condition relates to your personal health is important, so always discuss it with your care team.

A dermatoscope is a small, handheld device with a light and magnifying lens used to examine the skin, nails, scalp, and hair. It helps doctors see skin spots or changes more clearly than with the naked eye. Dermatoscopes can assist in diagnosing skin cancer and other skin conditions. Patients should ask their care team how this tool relates to their own health rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment.

The dermis is the inner layer of the skin beneath the outer layer (epidermis). It contains important structures like blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands. Understanding the dermis helps patients learn about skin health and how some skin cancers, like basal cell carcinoma, may involve different skin layers. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

A dermoid cyst is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that can form in various parts of the body, most often in the ovaries, testes, skin, or central nervous system. These cysts grow slowly and contain tissues normally found in skin, such as hair, sweat glands, and oil glands. While not cancer, dermoid cysts may need monitoring or treatment depending on their size and location.

DES (Diethylstilbestrol) is a synthetic estrogen once given to pregnant women to prevent miscarriages. People exposed to DES before birth may have a higher risk of certain cancers, including rare vaginal and cervical cancers. If you were exposed to DES before birth, your healthcare provider may recommend more frequent cervical cancer screenings to help detect any early changes.

A DES daughter is a woman who was exposed before birth to a synthetic estrogen called diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was given to some pregnant women between 1940 and 1971. DES daughters have a higher risk of certain rare cancers, especially a type of cervical and vaginal cancer called clear cell adenocarcinoma, as well as possible increased risks of breast and pancreatic cancers. They may also face fertility and pregnancy challenges.

A DES son is a male who was exposed before birth to a synthetic estrogen called diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was given to some pregnant women between 1940 and 1971. DES sons may have a higher risk of certain testicular problems, such as cysts, undescended testicles, and inflammation. Understanding this term helps with appropriate health screening and follow-up care.

Deslorelin is a drug studied for blocking sex hormones made by the ovaries or testicles. It was tested for conditions like prostate cancer and uterine fibroids but is not approved for human use. It is mainly used in veterinary medicine to help with animal reproduction and hormone-related conditions. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your situation rather than assuming it is a treatment or diagnosis.

A desmoid tumor, also called aggressive fibromatosis or desmoid-type fibromatosis, is a rare growth that develops in the fibrous connective tissue of the body. These tumors do not spread to other parts of the body like cancer but can grow into nearby tissues, causing pain or damage. They often appear in areas such as the abdomen, shoulders, arms, or thighs and can be difficult to remove completely with surgery.

Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis, also called desmoid tumor or aggressive fibromatosis, is a rare growth in the body's connective tissue. These tumors do not spread like cancer but can grow into nearby tissues, causing pain or damage. They often appear in areas like the abdomen, shoulders, arms, or thighs and can be hard to remove completely, sometimes coming back after treatment.

Desmoplastic refers to the formation of fibrous or connective tissue within a tumor. It is a term used in cancer care to describe certain tumor features, such as in desmoplastic small round cell tumor, a rare and aggressive cancer often found in the abdomen of young males, or desmoplastic melanoma, a rare type of skin cancer. Patients should always discuss what this term means for their specific diagnosis and treatment with their care team.

Desmoplastic melanoma is a rare type of skin cancer that usually appears as pale or nonpigmented spots on sun-exposed areas, most often on the head and neck. It involves the growth of fibrous tissue within the tumor. Because it is uncommon and can look like other skin conditions, it’s important to discuss what this diagnosis means for you with your healthcare team.

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive cancer that mainly affects young males. It usually forms large tumors in the abdomen. The term “desmoplastic” refers to the growth of fibrous or connective tissue within the tumor. If you hear this term, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific diagnosis and treatment plan.

A Detox Diet is a type of diet or nutrition plan that some people use to support their body’s natural cleansing processes. In cancer care, detox diets are discussed for their potential effects on nutrition, digestion, inflammation, immune health, and treatment tolerance. These diets are not proven cancer treatments and should be reviewed with healthcare providers before use, especially because cancer patients may have special health vulnerabilities.

Detoxification diets are special eating plans sometimes discussed in cancer care to support nutrition, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. While some people believe these diets help remove toxins or fight cancer, there is limited scientific evidence for these claims. Patients should always talk with their cancer care team before trying such diets, as they may affect health or interact with treatments.

Coffee enemas and detoxification regimens are alternative health practices some people with cancer use alongside their medical care. These methods aim to support digestion, relieve symptoms, or promote a feeling of cleansing but are not proven to treat cancer. They may carry risks and should be discussed with your healthcare team before use.

To detoxify means to remove harmful substances or poisons from the body. In cancer care, patients may hear about detoxifying approaches, but these should be discussed carefully with healthcare providers. The body naturally detoxifies through organs like the liver and kidneys. Some alternative methods claim to detoxify the body, but these claims often lack strong scientific support and may not be safe or effective during cancer treatment.

Developmental stage refers to the physical, mental, and emotional phases a person goes through as they grow and mature. In cancer care, understanding a patient’s developmental stage can help the care team tailor support and treatment. It’s important for patients and caregivers to ask how this term applies to their individual situation rather than assuming it defines diagnosis or treatment.

Deviant means behavior or actions that differ from what is usual or accepted in a society. What is seen as deviant in one culture may be normal in another. In cancer care, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask your care team what it means for you personally, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment advice.

A device in cancer care is a tool or object used to help find tumors, check if cancer has spread, or monitor treatment progress. Devices can include medical instruments like colposcopes or catheters. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand the specific use of a device in their care and ask the healthcare team how it relates to their diagnosis or treatment.

A DEXA scan (also called a BMD scan or bone densitometry) is a quick, painless test that uses low-dose X-rays to measure the amount of minerals like calcium in your bones. It helps doctors check how strong and thick your bones are, usually focusing on the spine, hip, wrist, or heel. This test is important for finding weak bones, diagnosing osteoporosis, and monitoring bone health during cancer treatment.

Dexamethasone is a steroid medicine used in cancer care to reduce inflammation and lower the body's immune response. It helps manage side effects like swelling, allergic reactions, and nausea during chemotherapy. It is often combined with other cancer drugs and is important for making treatment easier to tolerate. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Dexmethylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant medicine used mainly to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children over five years old. It helps improve focus and control behavior. It may also be studied for managing fatigue and nervous system side effects from chemotherapy. Patients should discuss with their care team how this medicine applies to their individual situation.

Dexrazoxane hydrochloride is a medicine used to help reduce serious side effects caused by some chemotherapy drugs. It is often given to protect the heart in women receiving certain breast cancer treatments and to treat tissue damage if chemotherapy leaks outside a vein. Patients should talk with their care team about how this medicine might be used in their specific treatment plan.

Dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, commonly known as Adderall, is a medicine made from two stimulant drugs. It is mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. In cancer care, it may sometimes be used to help manage symptoms like fatigue, trouble concentrating, or sleep problems, but it is not a treatment for cancer itself.

Dextromethorphan Acetic Acid is a type of anticancer drug known as an angiogenesis inhibitor. It works by helping to stop the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. This drug may be mentioned in cancer treatment discussions or research related to controlling tumor growth. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

DFMO, also called difluoromethylornithine, is a substance studied in cancer treatment. It may appear in medical reports or educational materials. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand DFMO in context and ask the care team how it relates to individual care, rather than seeing the term alone as a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Disease-Free Survival (DFS), also called relapse-free survival or RFS, is the length of time after cancer treatment during which a patient shows no signs or symptoms of that cancer. It is often used in clinical trials to help measure how well a treatment works. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand DFS in context and discuss what it means for the individual’s care with their healthcare team.

DHA-paclitaxel, also called Taxoprexin, is an experimental cancer drug combining a natural fatty acid (DHA) with paclitaxel, a chemotherapy medicine. It is designed to deliver higher amounts of paclitaxel directly into tumor cells, potentially increasing its effect. DHA-paclitaxel is being studied for use in cancers that may not respond as well to standard paclitaxel treatment.

DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a natural hormone made by the body that helps produce other hormones like testosterone and estrogen. It is sometimes mentioned in cancer care because it is being studied for possible effects on cancer prevention, though there is no clear evidence it works for this. DHEA supplements are available but should only be used after talking with your care team.

A DHFR inhibitor (dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor) is a type of medicine that can block cancer cells from using folate, a nutrient they need to grow. Some DHFR inhibitors are used in cancer treatment to help stop cancer cells from dividing. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment plan by itself.

The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), also called HHS, is a U.S. government agency that works to protect public health. It oversees important programs related to medical research, food and drug safety, health insurance, and disease prevention. You may hear about DHHS in health news, research studies, or cancer prevention advice.

Double-hit lymphoma (DHL) is a rare and aggressive type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It involves specific changes in genes called MYC and either BCL2 or BCL6. DHL can be harder to treat and often has a poorer outlook compared to other lymphomas. If you see this term, it’s important to discuss with your care team what it means for your individual situation.

Diffuse Hyperplastic Perilobar Nephroblastomatosis (DHPLN) is a rare childhood condition where abnormal tissue grows on the outer part of one or both kidneys. If untreated, DHPLN often develops into Wilms tumor, a type of kidney cancer in children. Patients and caregivers should discuss what this term means for their specific situation with their healthcare team.

DHT, also called androstanolone or dihydrotestosterone, is a hormone made from testosterone in the prostate, testes, and other tissues. It helps develop male traits like facial hair and muscle growth. In prostate cancer care, high DHT levels may influence cancer growth and treatment. Patients may see this term in test results or treatment plans and should discuss its meaning with their healthcare team.

Di-Dga-Rfb4 is an experimental anticancer drug made by combining a monoclonal antibody called RFB4 with an immunotoxin named dgA. It is not a diagnosis or standard treatment but a specialized medicine that may be mentioned in research or treatment discussions. Patients and caregivers should always ask their healthcare team how this drug relates to their specific care.

Diabetes is a condition where your blood sugar levels are too high because your body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it properly. It includes type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Managing diabetes is important because it can affect your overall health and may increase risks for other conditions, including some cancers. Treatment focuses on controlling blood sugar through medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition where a person feels very thirsty and produces large amounts of urine that is mostly water. It is different from the more common diabetes mellitus, which involves blood sugar problems. DI can be caused by issues with the pituitary gland or kidneys and may require tests to diagnose. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your health.

Diabetes mellitus is a condition where the body cannot properly control blood sugar levels because it doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use it well. This leads to high blood sugar and symptoms like frequent urination, thirst, and hunger. Managing diabetes is important for overall health and can affect cancer care and treatment choices.

Diabetes-Cancer Combined Dietary Protocols are nutrition plans discussed in cancer care that focus on managing nutrition, metabolism, inflammation, digestion, immune health, and treatment tolerance. These protocols aim to support patients who have both diabetes and cancer, but their safety and effectiveness should be reviewed with healthcare providers familiar with the patient’s overall health and treatment plan.

Diacetylmorphine, also known as diamorphine or heroin, is a strong pain-relieving drug made from morphine, a natural substance from the opium poppy. It works by changing how the brain and nervous system respond to pain. Although once used medically for severe pain, it is now illegal in the United States. Patients may see this term in medical reports or discussions and should ask their care team what it means for their care.

Diagnosis is the process doctors use to identify a disease or condition based on symptoms, medical history, physical exams, and tests like blood work or imaging. In cancer care, diagnosis helps determine if cancer is present and guides treatment decisions. If you see this term, it means your care team is working to understand your health and plan the best care for you.

A diagnostic mammogram is a special type of breast X-ray used when there are symptoms like lumps, pain, or changes in the breast. It helps doctors look more closely at areas of concern found during screening or physical exams. Unlike routine screening mammograms done for women without symptoms, diagnostic mammograms take more detailed images to better understand breast changes.

A diagnostic procedure, also called a diagnostic test, is a medical test or exam used to find out what disease or condition a person has. It often includes gathering medical history, a physical exam, and tests like blood work, imaging scans, or biopsies. These procedures help doctors diagnose illness, plan treatment, and monitor how well treatment is working.

Diagnostic techniques are tests or methods used to help find out if someone has a disease or condition. These include imaging tests like X-rays or ultrasounds, and simple checks like measuring blood pressure, pulse, or temperature. When you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation, rather than assuming it means a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

A diagnostic test is a medical procedure used to find out if a person has a disease or condition. It helps doctors confirm a diagnosis, plan treatment, check how well treatment is working, and predict outcomes. Examples include blood tests, imaging scans like MRI or CT, biopsies, and special scans using radioactive substances.

A diagnostic trial is a research study that tests new ways to detect diseases, including cancer. These trials help doctors learn if a new test or method can find a disease accurately and safely. Diagnostic trials are carefully planned and monitored to protect participants and improve medical care. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Dialysis is a treatment that filters and cleans the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to do so. In cancer care, dialysis may be needed if both kidneys are removed or damaged beyond repair. It helps remove waste, extra salt, and water from the body. There are two main types: hemodialysis, done with a machine at a clinic, and peritoneal dialysis, which uses the lining of the abdomen to filter blood.

Diameter is the length of a straight line passing through the center of a round or spherical object, such as a tumor. It helps measure the size of tumors or other shapes in medical reports. Understanding diameter in context is important, so patients should ask their care team how it relates to their specific situation rather than interpreting the term alone.

Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a very rare inherited condition where the bone marrow makes too few red blood cells, usually noticed in babies under one year old. It can cause symptoms like tiredness and pale skin, and some children may have physical differences such as deformed thumbs. People with DBA have a higher risk of certain cancers, including leukemia and bone cancer, so careful monitoring is important.

Diamorphine, also known as diacetylmorphine or heroin, is a strong pain-relieving drug made from morphine, a natural substance from the opium poppy. It works by changing how the brain and nervous system respond to pain. Although once used medically for severe pain, it is now illegal to use or sell in the United States. Patients may see this term in medical reports or discussions and should ask their care team what it means for their care.

The diaphragm is a thin, dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs that helps you breathe by moving air in and out of your lungs. In cancer care, diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing techniques may be suggested to help reduce anxiety, ease muscle tension, and support overall well-being during treatment or recovery. It is a supportive method, not a medical test or treatment by itself.

Diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing are gentle breathing techniques often used in cancer care to help manage symptoms like breathlessness, anxiety, and fatigue. Diaphragmatic breathing focuses on deep breaths using the diaphragm muscle, while pursed-lip breathing slows exhalation to ease breathing. These methods support relaxation and recovery but are not cancer treatments themselves. Always discuss their use with your healthcare team.

Diaphragmatic breathing, also called abdominal or deep breathing, is a simple relaxation technique where you breathe deeply using your diaphragm and belly muscles. It helps increase oxygen in your blood and can reduce stress, anxiety, and muscle tension. This method is often recommended during cancer care to support comfort and calmness during treatment or recovery.

Diarrhea means having frequent, loose, or watery bowel movements. It can be a symptom of some cancers or a side effect of cancer treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation. Managing diarrhea is important to prevent dehydration and keep cancer treatment on track. If diarrhea lasts more than a few days or causes other problems, talk to your health care team.

Diathermy, also called electrodiathermy, is a medical procedure that uses heat generated by electric currents, radio waves, or microwaves to treat tissues. It can help relax muscles, ease joint stiffness, and sometimes support cancer treatments by heating tissues. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it applies to your situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or specific treatment.

Diazepam, also known as Valium, is a medicine that helps reduce anxiety, relax muscles, and control seizures. It belongs to a group called benzodiazepines, which calm brain activity. Diazepam is used for conditions like anxiety, panic attacks, muscle spasms, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It can cause drowsiness and coordination problems, so it should be used carefully under medical guidance.

Diaziquone, also called AZQ, is a cancer medicine that can cross into the brain and spinal cord to help kill cancer cells there. It is sometimes used when treatment needs to reach the central nervous system. Patients may hear this term during discussions about brain or nervous system cancers or see it in medical reports related to these areas.

DICER1 Syndrome is a rare inherited condition caused by a change in the DICER1 gene. It raises the risk of developing certain tumors, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), in organs like the kidney, thyroid, ovary, cervix, testicle, brain, eye, and lung lining. Not everyone with this gene change will develop tumors. It may also cause an enlarged thyroid (goiter) or colon polyps. Understanding how it applies to each person is important.

Dichloroacetate (DCA) Metabolic Therapy is a complementary approach sometimes discussed in cancer care. People may explore it for possible anticancer effects, symptom relief, nutrition support, or to improve treatment tolerance and quality of life. It is not a standard cancer treatment and should always be discussed with a healthcare provider before use, especially during active cancer treatment.

Dichloroacetate (DCA) Metabolic Therapy is a complementary approach sometimes discussed in cancer care. People may explore it for possible anticancer effects, symptom relief, nutrition support, or to improve treatment tolerance and quality of life. It is not a standard cancer treatment and should always be discussed with a healthcare provider before use, especially during active cancer treatment.

Diclofenac is a medicine used to reduce pain and swelling, often for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. It belongs to a group called NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Diclofenac is also being studied for preventing and treating some types of skin cancer. It works by blocking substances that cause inflammation and pain. Patients should always discuss with their care team how diclofenac might apply to their specific situation.

Diclofenac Sodium is a medicine commonly used to relieve pain and inflammation, especially in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. It is also being studied for preventing and treating some types of skin cancer. You might see it called Voltaren. It works by blocking substances in the body that cause pain and swelling. Always ask your care team how it applies to your situation rather than assuming based on the name alone.

Diclofenac Sodium Gel, also known as Voltaren Gel, is a medicine applied to the skin to help reduce pain and swelling, often used for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. It is also being studied for preventing and treating certain types of skin cancer. This gel works by blocking substances that cause inflammation and may slow tumor growth by affecting blood vessels.

Didanosine (also called ddI) is a medication used to treat HIV infection. It works by slowing the virus’s ability to multiply. Didanosine was approved in 1991 and is often used with other HIV medicines. It can cause side effects like nausea, diarrhea, and rare but serious liver problems. Patients should discuss with their care team how didanosine fits into their treatment plan and avoid alcohol while taking it.

A DIEP flap is a type of breast reconstruction surgery where skin, fat, and blood vessels are taken from the lower abdomen and used to rebuild the breast after mastectomy. Unlike some other methods, this procedure preserves the abdominal muscles, which may help with a quicker recovery and less muscle weakness.

Diet means the foods and drinks a person consumes. In cancer care, dietary counseling helps patients stay healthy during and after treatment, supporting strength to fight infections and reduce risks. It’s important to discuss how diet applies to you personally with your care team rather than seeing it as a one-size-fits-all rule.

Dietary counseling, also called nutritional counseling, is support from a trained health professional to help people with cancer make healthy food choices. The goal is to keep patients strong during and after treatment, helping them fight infections and support recovery. It involves personalized advice on eating habits to meet changing nutrition needs caused by cancer and its treatments.

A dietary protocol is a detailed plan that outlines what, how, and when a person with cancer should eat and drink. Because cancer patients often have special health needs and risks, any diet plan should be reviewed with healthcare providers who understand their specific diagnosis, treatments, and overall health. These plans may support nutrition, immune health, and treatment tolerance but are not a substitute for medical care.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are guidelines developed by U.S. and Canadian experts to recommend daily amounts of nutrients needed for most healthy people. They help guide nutrition in places like hospitals and schools. DRIs replaced older standards called Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and include values to prevent both nutrient deficiencies and excesses. These guidelines are used to support overall health and nutrition planning.

A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth to add nutrients like vitamins, minerals, herbs, or amino acids to your diet. Sometimes called nutritional supplements, they come in pills, powders, or liquids. People with cancer often use supplements, but it’s important to talk with your care team before starting any, as some can affect cancer treatments or cause side effects.

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic estrogen once given to pregnant women to prevent miscarriage. Exposure before birth can increase the risk of certain cancers, including rare vaginal and cervical cancers, in daughters. People exposed to DES before birth may need more frequent cancer screenings and should discuss this history with their healthcare providers.

A dietitian is a health professional trained in nutrition who helps people, including those with cancer, meet their nutritional needs. They provide advice on healthy eating, meal planning, and managing nutrition during illness or treatment. You may also hear the term registered dietitian, which means the person has met specific education and professional standards.

Differentiated thyroid cancer is a common type of thyroid cancer where the cancer cells look similar to normal thyroid cells. It usually grows slowly and can often be treated successfully. The most common forms are papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. This type of cancer often starts in the thyroid gland’s follicular cells and may not cause symptoms early on.

A differentiating agent is a substance that helps immature cells change into mature, normal cells. In cancer care, these agents are being studied because they may help cancer cells behave more like normal cells and slow their growth and spread. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it means a certain diagnosis or treatment.

Differentiation describes how much cancer cells look like normal cells. Well-differentiated cancer cells resemble normal tissue and tend to grow more slowly, while poorly differentiated cells look more abnormal and may grow faster. This term helps doctors understand the cancer’s behavior and guide treatment decisions. Patients may see it in biopsy or pathology reports and should ask their care team how it applies to their specific situation.

Differentiation syndrome is a serious side effect that can happen in some people with certain types of leukemia, especially acute promyelocytic leukemia, after starting specific cancer treatments. It usually appears within 1 to 2 weeks of treatment and causes symptoms like fever, cough, trouble breathing, swelling, and weight gain. Early treatment is important because it can be life-threatening if not recognized and managed promptly.

Diffuse means spread out or widely distributed rather than confined to one area. In cancer care, it describes how some tumors or abnormal tissues grow or spread across tissues or organs. The word itself is not a diagnosis but a descriptive term. Patients should ask their care team what diffuse means in their specific situation to understand its impact on diagnosis, treatment, or prognosis.

Diffuse Hyperplastic Perilobar Nephroblastomatosis (DHPLN) is a rare childhood condition where abnormal tissue grows on the outer part of one or both kidneys. This tissue is not cancer but can develop into Wilms tumor, a type of kidney cancer in children, if left untreated. Families should discuss what DHPLN means for their child with their healthcare team.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare, fast-growing brain tumor that starts in the pons, a part of the brain stem. It mainly affects children and can cause symptoms like trouble moving the eyes, balance problems, and difficulty swallowing. DIPG is hard to treat because it spreads through vital areas controlling breathing, heart rate, and muscle movements.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It is a fast-growing cancer that starts in B cells, a kind of white blood cell. DLBCL can cause tumors in lymph nodes and other organs like the spleen, liver, or bone marrow. It mostly affects older adults but can occur at any age. Treatment and outlook vary, so it’s important to discuss what this diagnosis means for each person with their care team.

Diffuse Optical Imaging (DOI) is a non-invasive imaging method that uses near-infrared light to create pictures of tissues inside the body. It helps doctors see blood flow and oxygen levels in soft tissues like the breast and brain. DOI can produce 2D or 3D images and is being studied to help detect early-stage breast cancer and other conditions. The term may appear under related names such as diffuse optical tomography (DOT).

Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses near-infrared light to create 3D pictures of soft tissues inside the body. It helps doctors see blood flow and oxygen levels in tissues like the breast and brain. DOT is being studied to help detect early-stage breast cancer and other conditions, but it is not yet a standard test.

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a substance being studied for use in cancer treatment. It may appear in medical reports or educational materials. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand DFMO in context and ask the care team how it relates to individual care, rather than seeing the term alone as a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Digestion is the process your body uses to break down food into nutrients that provide energy and help your body grow and repair itself. In cancer care, digestion can be affected by the cancer or its treatments, sometimes causing changes in appetite or how your body handles food. Understanding digestion in context helps patients and caregivers ask the right questions about symptoms and treatment effects.

The digestive system, also called the gastrointestinal system, includes organs that take in food and liquids, break them down, and absorb nutrients your body needs for energy and repair. It includes the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, and anus, plus organs like the liver and pancreas. In cancer care, treatments may affect how this system works, so understanding it helps patients and caregivers manage symptoms and treatment effects.

The digestive tract, also called the alimentary or gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is the series of organs that food and liquids pass through as they are swallowed, digested, and eventually leave the body as stool. It includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus. Understanding this term helps patients recognize its role in digestion and how it relates to certain cancers and treatments.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, also called 3-D mammography, is a breast imaging test that uses x-rays to take multiple pictures from different angles. These images are combined to create a three-dimensional view of the breast, helping doctors detect breast cancer and other changes more clearly than traditional 2-D mammograms. It may also appear under related names such as 3-D Mammography, 3-Dimensional Mammography.

Digital Image Analysis is a computer-based method that changes medical images into data to help study organs or tissues. It supports doctors in diagnosing and treating diseases, including cancer. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask the care team how it relates to their specific situation, rather than seeing it as a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Digital mammography is a breast imaging test that uses computers instead of traditional X-ray film to create pictures of the breast. It includes 3D mammography, also called digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), which produces three-dimensional images. This test helps screen for and diagnose breast cancer, often finding tumors early before symptoms appear. Ask your care team how digital mammography applies to your personal health.

Digital photography is a way of taking pictures using cameras that capture images electronically instead of on film. These images can be viewed on a computer or other digital devices. In cancer care, digital photography might be used to document skin changes, wounds, or treatment progress. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your care rather than assuming it means a specific test or treatment.

A digital rectal examination (DRE) is a simple medical test where a healthcare provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities. It is sometimes used to check the prostate in men or to assess muscle tone in the anal area. While it can help detect some issues, it is not a reliable screening test for colorectal or prostate cancer on its own.

Digitalis is a substance made from the dried leaves of the foxglove plant, used to make medicines that help treat certain heart conditions like congestive heart failure and irregular heartbeats. While once used for other conditions like seizures, these uses are no longer recommended. If you see the term digitalis in your care, it’s important to ask your healthcare team what it means for your specific situation.

Digoxin, also known as Lanoxin, is a medicine used to treat certain heart problems like irregular heartbeat and heart failure. It helps the heart work better by controlling calcium in heart muscle cells. While sometimes studied in cancer research, digoxin is not an approved cancer treatment. If you see this term in your care, ask your healthcare team how it relates to your specific situation.

Dihematoporphyrin Ether is a drug used in photodynamic therapy for cancer. It is absorbed by tumor cells and becomes active when exposed to a special light, helping to kill cancer cells. This treatment targets tumors while limiting damage to nearby healthy tissue. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (DHFR inhibitor) is a type of medicine that blocks cancer cells from using folate, a nutrient they need to grow and divide. By interfering with folate use, these medicines can help slow or stop cancer growth. Some DHFR inhibitors, like methotrexate, are used in cancer treatment. The term may appear in medical reports or discussions, so it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your care.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), also called androstanolone, is a hormone made from testosterone in the prostate, testes, and other tissues. It helps develop male traits like facial hair and muscle growth. In prostate cancer, high DHT levels may encourage cancer growth, so doctors may check or target this hormone during treatment. It may also appear under related names such as Androstanolone, DHT.

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a natural compound found in vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, and kale. It is being studied for its possible role in cancer prevention and treatment, especially prostate and cervical cancers. Patients may see DIM mentioned in reports or discussions, but it is important to understand it in context and talk with the care team about what it means for individual care.

Dilantin, also known as Phenytoin Sodium, is a medication used to prevent or treat seizures that can occur due to epilepsy, brain surgery, or brain cancer treatment. It is an anticonvulsant drug that helps control abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Patients may see this term in medical reports or treatment discussions, and it’s important to ask the care team how it relates to their specific situation.

Dilatation and curettage (D&C) is a procedure where the cervix is gently opened to allow a small spoon-shaped tool to scrape and remove tissue from the lining of the uterus. It is often done to collect tissue samples for testing or to treat conditions like abnormal bleeding or to clear tissue after a miscarriage. The tissue removed can be checked for signs of infection, abnormal cells, or cancer.

To dilate means to widen or enlarge an opening or hollow part of the body, such as the pupil of the eye or the cervix. In medical care, dilation can be part of tests or procedures, like eye exams or uterine tissue sampling. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it applies to your situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a medical procedure where the cervix is gently opened, and a small spoon-shaped tool called a curette is used to scrape and remove tissue from the lining of the uterus. It is often done to collect tissue samples for testing or to treat conditions like abnormal bleeding or to clear tissue after a miscarriage. The term may appear in medical reports under different names like D&C, dilatation and curettage, or dilation and curettage.

A dilator is a device used to gently stretch or open a body passage or opening. In cancer care, bronchodilators are medicines that help open airways in the lungs to ease breathing problems caused by lung cancer, treatment side effects, or other lung conditions. They support breathing but do not treat cancer itself. Always ask your care team how a dilator or bronchodilator applies to your situation.

Dilaudid is a strong opioid pain medicine used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is also known by other names like Exalgo, Hydromorphone Hydrochloride, and Hydrostat IR. Made from morphine, it works by affecting the brain and nervous system. Patients should always ask their care team how Dilaudid applies to their specific situation, as the name alone does not describe a diagnosis or treatment plan.

Dilute means to make a substance thinner, weaker, or less concentrated by adding something else. In cancer care, this term often comes up when essential oils are mixed with carrier oils to make them safer for use in aromatherapy, a complementary therapy aimed at easing symptoms and improving comfort during treatment.

DIM, or diindolylmethane, is a natural compound found in vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. It is being studied for its potential role in cancer care, including skin, prostate, and cervical cancers. DIM may appear in medical reports or research under different names, so it’s important to understand its context and ask your care team how it relates to your situation.

Dimericine, also known as T4N5 liposomal lotion, is a lotion containing a DNA repair enzyme. It is being studied as a treatment for skin cancer and a rare skin condition called xeroderma pigmentosum. The lotion works by helping repair skin damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Patients should discuss with their care team how Dimericine might relate to their specific situation.

Dimesna is a drug that belongs to a group called chemoprotective agents. These drugs are used to help protect the body from the harmful effects of some cancer treatments. If you see the word dimesna in your medical records or treatment plan, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a colorless liquid that dissolves many chemicals and can penetrate tissues. In cancer care, it appears as part of the chemical name for trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide, a drug used with dabrafenib to treat cancers with certain BRAF gene mutations, such as advanced anaplastic thyroid cancer. Understanding this term helps patients recognize drug names and treatment options discussed by their care team.

Dimethylxanthenone Acetic Acid (also called vadimezan or DMXAA) is an experimental cancer drug studied for its ability to attack the blood vessels that feed tumors. It is not an approved treatment and has not shown benefit in human clinical trials. If you see this term, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it is part of your diagnosis or treatment.

DIN, or ductal intraepithelial neoplasia, is a condition where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct. It is not cancer but may increase the risk of developing breast cancer if these cells change and spread. DIN includes types like atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). If you see this term, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Dinaciclib, also called CDK Inhibitor SCH 727965, is an experimental drug being studied to treat advanced melanoma and other cancers. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells divide, which may stop their growth or cause them to die. Dinaciclib is mainly available through clinical trials and is not yet a standard treatment.

Dinutuximab, also called Ch14.18 or Unituxin, is a medicine used to treat children with high-risk neuroblastoma, a cancer that starts in nerve cells. It works by helping the immune system find and attack cancer cells. Dinutuximab is given after other treatments have helped shrink the cancer and is used together with other medicines to improve results.

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare, fast-growing tumor that starts in the pons, a part of the brain stem. It mainly affects children and can cause symptoms like trouble moving the eyes, weakness, and balance problems. DIPG is hard to treat because it grows in an area that controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Diphenhydramine is a medicine called an antihistamine used to treat allergies, itching, cough, and cold symptoms. It can also help with motion sickness, mild Parkinson’s disease symptoms, and as a sleep aid. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand how diphenhydramine fits into a person’s care plan rather than seeing the word alone as a treatment or diagnosis.

Diphosphonates, also called bisphosphonates, are medicines that help protect bones by slowing down cells that break down bone tissue. They are used to treat high blood calcium levels and bone pain caused by some cancers, as well as bone diseases like osteoporosis and Paget’s disease. These drugs can be given as pills or injections to reduce bone loss and related complications.

Diploid describes cells that have two complete sets of chromosomes—one set from each parent. Most human body cells are diploid, containing 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. This term often appears in cancer reports, especially when describing genetic changes in cancer cells. It’s important to understand diploid in context and ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation, rather than viewing it as a diagnosis or treatment plan by itself.

Dipyridamole is a medicine that helps prevent blood clots and can widen blood vessels. It is often combined with aspirin to reduce the risk of stroke in some patients. It is not usually used alone to prevent strokes. Dipyridamole’s absorption can be affected by stomach acid medicines, so it’s important to discuss its use with your care team.

Direct ophthalmoscopy is a simple eye exam that lets a doctor look inside the back of your eye using a small flashlight-like tool. It helps check the health of the retina and optic nerve. This test is often done during routine exams and can help spot signs of conditions like increased pressure in the brain or eye problems related to cancer or other illnesses.

Disability insurance helps protect your income if illness or injury makes it hard or impossible to work. It can provide payments for a short time or long term, depending on the policy. Many countries offer government disability benefits, and some employers provide coverage too. If you see this term, ask your care team how it applies to your situation rather than assuming it relates directly to your medical care.

Discharge is a medical term that means fluid coming out of the body. It can be normal or a sign of a health problem. In cancer care, discharge may refer to unusual fluid from the breast or other areas, which should be checked by a doctor. Discharge also means when a patient is formally released from hospital care.

A disease is an abnormal condition that affects how part or all of the body works. Diseases can cause symptoms like pain, fatigue, or changes in body functions. They include many types, such as infections, cancers, inherited conditions, and chronic illnesses. Treatment and outlook depend on the specific disease and its severity.

Disease progression means cancer that continues to grow or spread. It is a term used to describe how the disease changes over time. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask the healthcare team what it means for their specific situation, rather than seeing it as a diagnosis or treatment plan by itself.

A disease-causing mutation is a change in a gene’s DNA that can increase the risk of certain diseases, including cancer. These changes may be inherited or happen during a person’s life. Having such a mutation does not always mean a person will develop the disease. This term is also called deleterious mutation, pathogenic variant, predisposing mutation, or susceptibility gene mutation.

Disease-Free Survival (DFS), also called relapse-free survival or RFS, is the length of time after cancer treatment during which a person shows no signs or symptoms of that cancer. It is often used in clinical trials to help measure how well a treatment works. For patients and caregivers, understanding DFS means discussing what it means for the individual’s care with their healthcare team.

Disease-Specific Survival Rate is the percentage of people in a study or treatment group who have not died from a particular disease within a set time after diagnosis or treatment. It counts only deaths caused by that disease, not other causes. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this rate in context and discuss what it means personally with the care team.

A disinfectant is a substance used to kill germs like bacteria and viruses on non-living surfaces. In cancer care, disinfectants help reduce infections, which is important because treatments can weaken the immune system. Patients may hear about disinfectants in safety information or when discussing infection prevention. It’s important to understand the term in context and ask your care team how it relates to your care.

A disorder is an abnormal condition that affects how the body works. It may or may not cause clear symptoms. Disorders can involve physical, mental, genetic, or functional problems. In cancer care, understanding disorders helps identify health issues that might need treatment or monitoring. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Disorientation means feeling confused about time, place, or who you are. It can happen for many reasons, including illness, injury, or changes in brain function. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand disorientation in the context of the person’s overall health and to ask the care team what it means for them specifically, rather than seeing it as a diagnosis by itself.

In medicine, to disseminate means to spread or scatter widely through the body’s tissues or organs. For example, cancer cells can break away from the original tumor and disseminate to other parts of the body. This term is often used in cancer care to describe how disease or infection moves beyond its starting point.

Dissolving Illusions / Vaccine-Critical Historical Claims refers to a set of ideas questioning vaccine safety and effectiveness, often linked to historical views on disease prevention. In cancer care, these claims may come up related to symptom relief, nutrition, immune support, or patient interest in complementary approaches. It is important to discuss any use with your healthcare team to ensure safety and coordination with cancer treatments.

Dissolving Illusions / Vaccine-Critical Historical Claims refers to ideas that question vaccine safety and effectiveness, suggesting that improvements in sanitation and nutrition, rather than vaccines, led to declines in infectious diseases. In cancer care, these claims may arise in discussions about symptom relief, immune support, nutrition, or complementary approaches. It is important to talk with your healthcare team before considering related methods to ensure safety and coordination with cancer treatments.

In medicine, "distal" describes a part of the body that is farther away from the center or main part of the body compared to another part. For example, the fingers are distal to the shoulder. This term helps describe locations of tumors, surgeries, or symptoms in cancer care. It’s important to understand "distal" in context and ask your care team how it applies to your specific situation.

Distal bile duct cancer is a rare cancer that starts in the part of the bile duct where the ducts from the liver and gallbladder join and pass through the pancreas to the small intestine. It is a type of extrahepatic bile duct cancer, meaning it occurs outside the liver. Understanding this term in context and discussing it with your care team is important for personalized diagnosis and treatment.

The distal colon is the last part of the large intestine, including the descending colon on the left side and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum. In cancer care, the term “distal” describes a location farther from the body’s center. It’s important to ask your care team how this term applies to your specific situation rather than assuming it describes a diagnosis or treatment.

A distal pancreatectomy is surgery to remove the body and tail of the pancreas. It is often done to remove tumors, whether benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), found in these parts of the pancreas. This surgery may also be used to treat chronic pancreatitis or injuries to the pancreas. Sometimes, the spleen is removed during this procedure. Patients should discuss with their care team how this surgery applies to their specific situation.

The distal urethra is the part of the urethra closest to the outside of the body. In women, it is about the last half inch of the urethra, and in men, it is the portion within the penis. This area can be involved in rare cancers called distal urethral cancers. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your specific health situation.

Distal Urethral Cancer is a rare type of cancer that starts in the part of the urethra closest to the outside of the body. In women, this is about the last half inch of the urethra, and in men, it is the portion within the penis. This cancer often has not spread deeply into surrounding tissues. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your healthcare team what it means for your specific situation.

Distant or Absent Healing refers to healing practices done from a distance, often involving spiritual or energy-based approaches. In cancer care, these methods may be used to help with symptoms, stress, recovery, or quality of life. They are considered supportive and complementary, not replacements for standard cancer treatments. Always discuss any such approaches with your healthcare team to ensure safety and coordination with your medical care.

Distant or absent healing describes when the body does not heal or repair tissue as expected after injury, surgery, or cancer treatment. In cancer care, this can mean slower or incomplete recovery after treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. It may affect symptoms, treatment tolerance, and quality of life. Patients should discuss this with their healthcare team to understand what it means for their recovery and care.

Distant cancer, also called distant metastasis, means cancer has spread from its original site to faraway organs or lymph nodes. This term helps describe how advanced the cancer is and can influence treatment choices and care planning. Understanding distant cancer is important for patients and caregivers to discuss symptoms, treatment options, and supportive care with their healthcare team.

Distant metastasis, also called distant cancer, means that cancer has spread from its original site to faraway organs or lymph nodes. This usually indicates a more advanced stage of cancer and can affect treatment choices and care planning. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers discuss symptoms, treatment options, and supportive care with their healthcare team.

Distant recurrence means cancer has come back in a part of the body far from where it first started. It happens when some cancer cells survive treatment and grow again elsewhere. The chance of distant recurrence depends on many factors like cancer type, stage, and treatment. If you hear this term, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Distraction in cancer care refers to methods used to take a patient’s attention away from pain, discomfort, or emotional stress. It can include activities like animal-assisted therapy or support from a Child-Life Specialist, especially for children. While distraction doesn’t treat cancer itself, it helps patients cope better with symptoms and the challenges of treatment.

Distress is emotional, social, spiritual, or physical suffering that can make people with cancer feel sad, anxious, or overwhelmed. It may affect how well someone copes with cancer and its treatment. Many factors can increase distress, such as physical symptoms, problems at home, or advanced cancer. Doctors often check for distress to help patients get the support they need.

Disulfiram is a medication used to help treat chronic alcoholism by causing unpleasant reactions when alcohol is consumed. It works by blocking an enzyme that breaks down alcohol, leading to symptoms like flushing, nausea, and headache if a person drinks. Disulfiram is usually a second-choice treatment and requires careful supervision to be effective and safe. Patients should always discuss how it applies to their care with their medical team.

Diuresis means an increase in the amount of urine your kidneys make and pass out of your body. It can happen naturally, like when you drink extra water, or because of medicines called diuretics that help remove extra fluid. If you see this word in your health records or hear it from your care team, ask how it relates to your personal health and treatment.

A diuretic is a type of medicine that helps your kidneys remove extra water and salt from your body by making you urinate more. In cancer care, the related hormone called antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can be important because some tumors may produce too much of it, affecting your body’s water and salt balance. If you see the word diuretic or antidiuretic hormone in your care, ask your healthcare team what it means for you.

Diversity means having people with different physical, social, and personal traits in a group. This includes differences in race, ethnicity, age, gender, beliefs, and life experiences. In cancer care, diversity is important to ensure treatments and research apply to many kinds of people. Efforts to increase diversity in clinical trials help make sure results benefit a wider range of patients.

Diverticulitis is inflammation or infection of small pouches (diverticula) that form in the wall of the colon. It can cause abdominal pain, cramps, and sometimes fever or blood in the stool. Treatment depends on how severe the inflammation is and may include antibiotics or, in serious cases, surgery. Diverticulitis is one of several colon conditions that can affect digestive health and may be important to discuss with your healthcare team.

Diverticulosis is a condition where small pouches, called diverticula, form in the wall of the colon. These pouches usually do not cause symptoms but can sometimes lead to inflammation or infection called diverticulitis. It is common in older adults and often found during routine colon exams. In cancer care, diverticulosis is important because it can cause bleeding or inflammation that may affect treatment.

A diverticulum is a small pouch that bulges out from the wall of a hollow organ, like the intestines. Some diverticula involve only inner layers of the organ wall, while others include all layers. They are often found by chance during imaging or exams. If you see this word in your medical records, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for you personally, rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

DJ-927 is a substance being studied as a possible treatment for cancer. It belongs to a group of drugs called taxane derivatives, which work by interfering with cancer cell growth. Research is ongoing to understand how DJ-927 might help in cancer care and what types of cancer it could affect.

DKC, or dyskeratosis congenita, is a rare inherited disorder that mainly affects the skin, nails, and mouth. It can cause abnormal nail growth, skin color changes, and white patches inside the mouth. People with DKC may also face serious health issues like bone marrow failure, lung scarring, and certain cancers, including leukemia and cancers of the head, neck, and genitals.

The DKC1 gene makes a protein that helps protect the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres, and supports important cell functions. Changes (mutations) in this gene can cause damage to DNA and chromosomes, which may lead to abnormal cell growth. Mutations in DKC1 are linked to a rare inherited condition called dyskeratosis congenita, which affects the skin, nails, and mouth and can increase risks for bone marrow problems and certain cancers. If you see this term, ask your care team how.

Deficient DNA Mismatch Repair (dMMR) means certain cells have trouble fixing mistakes made when DNA is copied. This can lead to many DNA mutations and may increase the risk of cancer. dMMR is most often found in colorectal, gastrointestinal, and endometrial cancers. Knowing if a tumor has dMMR can help doctors plan treatment and predict how well it might respond to therapy.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule inside your cells that carries the genetic instructions needed for your body to grow and function. It is made of two strands twisted into a spiral shape, containing the information passed from parents to children. Changes in DNA can affect health and may be important in cancer risk and treatment decisions.

DNA cross-linking agents are substances used in cancer treatment that damage cancer cells’ DNA by linking parts of it together. This damage can stop cancer cells from growing and dividing. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it describes a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

A DNA gene-expression microarray is a test that looks at many genes in cells or tissue at once to see which genes are active. It helps identify which parts of DNA are being used to make RNA, a step toward making proteins. For patients, it’s important to understand this test in context and ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation, rather than seeing the term alone as a diagnosis or treatment.

DNA Index, also called DNA Ploidy, measures the amount of DNA or number of chromosomes in cancer cells compared to normal cells. It helps doctors understand how cancer cells differ genetically, which can assist in planning treatment and estimating prognosis for some cancers like leukemia and neuroblastoma. A DNA Index of 1 means cancer cells have a normal amount of DNA, while a higher number indicates extra DNA or chromosomes.

DNA intercalating agents are substances used in cancer treatment that insert themselves into the DNA of cells. By doing this, they can damage the DNA and stop cancer cells from dividing and growing. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it describes a diagnosis or treatment on its own.

DNA Methylase, also called DNA Methyltransferase, is a protein that adds small chemical groups called methyl groups to DNA. This process can affect how genes work. Patients may see this term in medical reports or educational materials. It’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it relates directly to diagnosis or treatment.

DNA Methyltransferase, also called DNA Methylase, is a protein that adds small chemical groups called methyl groups to DNA. This process can influence how genes are turned on or off. You might see this term in medical reports or educational materials. It’s important to ask your care team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it relates directly to diagnosis or treatment.

DNA Ploidy, also called DNA Index, measures the amount of DNA or number of chromosomes in cancer cells compared to normal cells. A DNA Index of 1 means cancer cells have a normal amount of DNA, while a higher number shows extra DNA or chromosomes. This information can help doctors plan treatment and understand prognosis for some cancers like leukemia and neuroblastoma. Always ask your care team what it means for your specific case.

DNA Repair Deficiency Syndrome, also called DNA Repair Disorder, is a group of inherited conditions caused by changes in genes that help fix damaged DNA. These syndromes can lead to growth and developmental issues, premature aging, and problems with the skin and nervous system. Having this syndrome may increase the risk of certain cancers. It’s important to understand this term in context and discuss its meaning with your care team.

DNA Repair Disorder, also called DNA Repair Deficiency Syndrome, is a group of inherited conditions caused by changes in genes that help fix damaged DNA. These disorders can lead to growth and developmental problems, premature aging, and issues with the skin and nervous system. Having this condition may increase the risk of certain types of cancer. It’s important to discuss what this means for you with your healthcare team.

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before it divides. In cancer care, many chemotherapy drugs work by targeting this process to stop cancer cells from growing. If you hear this term, it’s important to ask your healthcare team how it relates to your specific diagnosis and treatment, rather than assuming it means a particular therapy or outcome.

DNA sequencing is a laboratory method used to find the exact order of the building blocks in DNA. It helps identify changes in DNA that may cause diseases like cancer. DNA sequencing is used in research, diagnosis, and sometimes to guide treatment. For patients, it’s important to understand how DNA sequencing relates to their own care by asking their healthcare team for details.

A DNR Order, or Do Not Resuscitate Order, is a legal instruction that tells healthcare providers not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a person’s heart or breathing stops. It is a decision focused only on CPR and does not affect other treatments. Patients and caregivers should ask their care team how a DNR applies to their specific situation rather than assuming it means stopping all care.

A Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order is a legal instruction that tells healthcare providers not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if a person’s heart or breathing stops. It applies only to CPR and does not mean stopping other treatments. Patients and caregivers should ask their care team how a DNR applies to their specific situation to understand what it means for their care.

Docetaxel, also known by the brand name Taxotere, is a chemotherapy drug used to treat several types of cancer including breast, lung, prostate, stomach, and head and neck cancers. It works by stopping cancer cells from growing and dividing. Docetaxel can be given alone or combined with other chemotherapy medicines. It is given through a vein and is commonly part of cancer treatment plans.

Docetaxel-Cisplatin-Fluorouracil (also called DCF or TPF) is a chemotherapy combination used to treat certain cancers, including some head and neck and stomach cancers. It includes three drugs—docetaxel (Taxotere), cisplatin (Platinol), and fluorouracil—that work together to help kill cancer cells. Patients may see this term in treatment plans or reports and should ask their care team how it applies to their specific situation.

Dock, also known as sheep sorrel or sorrel, is a plant sometimes mentioned in discussions about herbal or natural supplements in cancer care. While it has traditional uses and may have antioxidant properties, dock is not a standard or proven treatment for cancer. Patients may see different names for this plant, so checking the exact term can help avoid confusion.

DOI, or diffuse optical imaging, is a medical test that uses light waves to create pictures of tissues inside the body. It helps doctors see blood flow and oxygen levels in tissues, which can show differences between normal and abnormal areas. DOI is especially useful for looking at soft tissues like the breast or brain and is being studied for early cancer detection and monitoring treatment.

Dolasetron mesylate is a medicine used to help prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. It works by blocking serotonin, a chemical in the body that can trigger these symptoms. Patients may hear this term during treatment discussions or see it in medical notes. It’s important to ask your care team how this medicine fits your personal care plan.

Dolastatin 10 is a substance originally found in a marine organism that is being studied for cancer treatment. It works by interfering with cell division, a process cancer cells rely on to grow and spread. Dolastatin 10 belongs to a group of drugs called mitotic inhibitors, which block the proteins cells need to divide. This entry is for education and does not recommend treatment or diagnosis.

Donepezil is a medication used to treat dementia related to Alzheimer’s disease. It may help improve memory and thinking for some people. It is also being studied for other brain-related conditions. Side effects can occur, especially when starting or increasing the dose. Patients and caregivers should discuss how donepezil applies to their specific situation with their healthcare team.

Dong quai is a herb native to China, also called female ginseng. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for menstrual and menopausal symptoms. Dong quai contains natural substances that may increase the effect of blood-thinning drugs like warfarin, which can raise bleeding risk. Patients should always discuss its use with their healthcare team to understand how it might affect their treatment and safety.

In cancer care, a donor is a person who gives healthy blood, cells, tissue, or bone marrow to a patient, often for treatments like stem cell or bone marrow transplants. Donor cells can help replace damaged or diseased cells and support recovery. Understanding the role of a donor helps patients and caregivers know why matching and safety checks are important during treatment.

Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a treatment where healthy white blood cells from a donor are given to a patient who has already had a stem cell transplant. This therapy helps the immune system fight any remaining cancer cells, especially in blood cancers like chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and myeloma. Patients may receive chemotherapy before DLI to reduce cancer cells. It’s important to discuss with your care team how DLI fits your specific treatment plan.

Dornase alfa inhalation solution, also known as Pulmozyme, is a medicine given as a mist to help thin thick mucus in the lungs. It contains an enzyme that breaks down DNA in mucus, making it less sticky and easier to clear. It is mainly used for cystic fibrosis and is being studied for other uses, such as reducing thick saliva in head and neck cancer treatment.

Dose means the amount of medicine or radiation given at one time. In cancer care, doctors carefully decide the right dose to treat the disease effectively while minimizing side effects. Understanding dose helps patients follow treatment plans safely and ask important questions about their care. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-R (DA-EPOCH-R) is a chemotherapy treatment used mainly for certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It combines six drugs, including rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. The doses of some drugs are adjusted during treatment cycles to find the best balance between fighting cancer and minimizing side effects. Patients should talk with their care team to understand how this treatment applies to their individual situation.

Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-R (DA-EPOCH-R) is a chemotherapy treatment used mainly for certain aggressive types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It combines six drugs, including rituximab and chemotherapy medicines. The doses of some drugs are adjusted during treatment cycles to find the best balance between fighting cancer and minimizing side effects. Patients should talk with their care team to understand how this treatment applies to their individual situation.

Dose-dense chemotherapy is a treatment plan where chemotherapy drugs are given with shorter breaks between cycles than usual. This approach aims to attack cancer cells more frequently to improve treatment effectiveness. It is often used as part of adjuvant therapy, which is additional treatment given after surgery to lower the chance of cancer returning. Growth factors may be given alongside to help protect white blood cells and reduce side effects.

Dose-dependent means that the effects of a drug change when the dose changes. For example, higher doses may cause stronger effects or more side effects. This idea helps doctors understand how to use medicines safely and effectively. Patients should always ask their care team how dose-dependent effects apply to their specific treatment.

A dose-escalation study is a type of clinical trial where the amount of a new drug is gradually increased in small groups of people. The goal is to find the highest dose that can be given safely without causing serious side effects. These studies often happen early in drug development and help doctors understand the best dose to use in future treatments.

Dose-limiting describes side effects from cancer treatment that are serious enough to stop doctors from increasing the dose or strength of that treatment. For example, oral mucositis (painful mouth sores) can be dose-limiting because it may interrupt or reduce chemotherapy or radiation. Patients should always ask their care team how dose-limiting effects apply to their personal treatment plan.

Dose-rate refers to how quickly radiation is given during cancer treatment. In brachytherapy, low-dose-rate (LDR) means radioactive sources stay inside the body for days or permanently, while high-dose-rate (HDR) uses temporary sources that deliver radiation in short bursts. Understanding dose-rate helps patients discuss their treatment options clearly with their care team.

A dosimetrist is a healthcare professional who works with a cancer care team to calculate the right amount of radiation for treatment. They help plan radiation therapy so it targets the tumor effectively while protecting healthy tissues. Dosimetrists are part of a specialized team that may include radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists.

Dosimetry is the measurement and calculation of the amount of radiation absorbed by the body during medical tests or treatments, such as x-rays or radiation therapy for cancer. It helps ensure the right dose is given to treat disease while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues. Patients should ask their care team how dosimetry applies to their specific situation.

Dostarlimab, also known by the brand name Jemperli, is a medicine used to treat certain types of advanced or recurring endometrial cancer. It works by helping the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells, especially in tumors with specific genetic changes called mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR). Dostarlimab is given to adults whose cancer has progressed after other treatments and who cannot have surgery or radiation.

DOT, or diffuse optical tomography, is a medical imaging technique that uses light waves to create 3-D pictures of tissues inside the body. It helps doctors see blood flow and oxygen levels in soft tissues like the breast or brain. DOT is being studied as a way to detect early-stage cancers and other conditions. If you see DOT mentioned in your care, ask your healthcare team what it means for you.

A double autologous transplant, also called a tandem transplant, is a cancer treatment where a person receives two rounds of high-dose chemotherapy, each followed by an infusion of their own stored healthy stem cells. It is used for certain cancers like neuroblastoma and multiple myeloma. This approach helps restore blood cells after intensive treatment but can cause side effects and requires careful medical follow-up.

Double Balloon Endoscopy (DBE), also called double balloon enteroscopy, is a medical procedure that lets doctors look inside the small intestine using a special flexible tube with two balloons. It helps find or check for disease in areas hard to reach with other scopes. If you see this term in your care, ask your medical team how it applies to your situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment.

Double Balloon Enteroscopy (DBE), also called Double Balloon Endoscopy, is a medical procedure that lets doctors look inside the small intestine using a special flexible tube with two balloons. It helps find or check for disease in areas hard to reach with other scopes. If you see this term in your care, ask your medical team how it applies to your situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment.

A double-blind study is a type of clinical trial where neither the patients nor the researchers know who is receiving the treatment or a placebo. This helps reduce bias and makes the study results more reliable. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and discuss with the care team how it relates to individual care decisions.

A double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) is a special X-ray test that takes pictures of the colon and rectum. It uses a liquid containing barium, which is inserted into the rectum, along with air, to help outline these areas clearly on the X-rays. This test can help find abnormalities like polyps or cancer. If you hear this term, ask your care team how it relates to your health and screening plan.

Double-Hit Lymphoma (DHL) is a rare and fast-growing type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It involves specific changes in two genes, MYC and either BCL2 or BCL6, which make the cancer more aggressive. DHL can be harder to treat and often has a less favorable outlook than other lymphomas. If you see this term, it’s important to talk with your care team about what it means for your individual situation.

Doubling time is the amount of time it takes for cancer cells or a tumor to double in size. It varies widely depending on the type of cancer. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand doubling time as part of the bigger picture and to ask the care team how it relates to their specific situation, rather than using the term alone to make decisions about diagnosis or treatment.

A douche is a method of washing the vagina with water or a cleansing solution. Although some use it for hygiene or to remove odors, regular douching can upset the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina and may increase the risk of infections and other health problems. Most doctors do not recommend douching because it can cause irritation and complications, especially during pregnancy.

Down syndrome, also called trisomy 21, is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. It leads to developmental delays, intellectual disability, and distinct physical features. People with Down syndrome may have health challenges like heart defects and a higher risk of leukemia. It usually happens by chance and is more common when the mother is older. There is no cure, but early support and medical care can help people live healthier lives.

Downstaging means that cancer is described as being less advanced after treatment because the tumor has shrunk or the cancer has become less extensive. This can make surgery or other treatments possible that were not options before. It’s important to understand downstaging in the context of your own care and ask your medical team what it means for you.

Doxazosin mesylate, also known by the brand name Cardura, is a medicine used to treat high blood pressure and urinary problems caused by an enlarged prostate. It works by relaxing muscles in blood vessels and the prostate to improve blood flow and ease urination. While not a cancer treatment, it may be used during cancer care to manage symptoms or support overall health.

Doxercalciferol is a medicine related to vitamin D, used mainly to treat conditions like secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone problems. It works by helping control certain hormone levels in the body. Sometimes it is studied for use in preventing prostate cancer from coming back. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your healthcare team how it applies to your care.

Doxil is a chemotherapy drug that contains doxorubicin inside tiny fat particles called liposomes. It is used alone or with other medicines to treat certain cancers, including AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma, ovarian cancer, and multiple myeloma. Doxil may cause fewer side effects than regular doxorubicin and is sometimes called doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome or liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride, also known as Adriamycin or hydroxydaunorubicin, is a chemotherapy drug used to treat many types of cancer. It works by damaging cancer cells’ DNA to slow or stop their growth. Patients may hear this name during treatment discussions or see it in medical reports. It is often given with other chemotherapy drugs as part of combination treatments.

Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome, also known as Doxil, is a chemotherapy drug used to treat certain cancers like AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma, ovarian cancer, and multiple myeloma. It contains the medicine doxorubicin inside tiny fat particles called liposomes, which may help reduce side effects and allow the drug to work longer in the body compared to regular doxorubicin.

Doxycycline Hyclate is an antibiotic used to treat many bacterial infections. It works by stopping bacteria from growing. It is also being studied as a possible treatment for a rare condition called transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) when combined with another medicine. Patients should always ask their care team how this medicine applies to their specific situation.

DPA, or Durable Power of Attorney, is a legal document that lets one person make decisions for another if they become unable to do so. This can include medical, legal, or financial choices. It may take effect immediately or only when the person is no longer able to decide for themselves. Patients and caregivers should ask their care team how DPA applies to their situation rather than assuming it relates to diagnosis or treatment.

DPPE is a chemical compound often used in laboratory chemistry, especially in making catalysts. It is not a medicine or treatment by itself but may appear in scientific discussions. If you see DPPE mentioned in your cancer care, ask your healthcare team what it means for your specific situation rather than assuming it relates directly to your diagnosis or treatment.

Dr. Nathan Goodyear Cancer Protocol is an integrative approach sometimes discussed in cancer care. It may involve nutrition support, symptom relief, immune or metabolic support, and coordination with conventional treatments. Patients should talk with their care team about how this protocol might fit their individual situation rather than seeing it as a standalone cancer treatment.

The Dr. Pete Sulack Cancer Protocol is a set of wellness strategies focused on lifestyle, stress management, detoxification, and faith-based support rather than a specific cancer treatment. Patients may explore this protocol to improve symptoms, nutrition, or quality of life alongside conventional care. It is important to discuss any such approach with your healthcare team to ensure safety and coordination with standard cancer treatments.

Dr. Romo (Puerto Vallarta) refers to a practitioner-associated approach discussed in cancer care for reasons like symptom relief, nutrition support, immune or metabolic help, and quality of life. It may involve direct anticancer claims or supportive care. Patients should talk with their healthcare team before using this approach, especially during active cancer treatments or if other health issues are present.

Dr. Romo (Puerto Vallarta) refers to a practitioner-associated approach sometimes discussed in cancer care. It may involve claims of anticancer effects or supportive care such as symptom relief, nutrition support, immune help, and improving quality of life. Patients should always talk with their healthcare team before using this approach, especially during active cancer treatments or if other health issues are present.

DR4, also known as Death Receptor 4 or TRAIL receptor 1, is a protein found on the surface of some cells. It can bind to another protein called TRAIL, which may help trigger the death of certain cancer cells. Understanding DR4 can be important in cancer research and treatment discussions, though it is not a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

DR5, also known as Death Receptor 5 or TRAIL Receptor 2, is a protein found on the surface of some cells. It can bind to another protein called TRAIL, which may help kill certain cancer cells. Scientists are studying how increasing DR5 activity might help in cancer treatment. The term may appear in medical reports or research and has several related names, so it’s helpful to ask your care team for clarification.

In medicine, a drain is a way to remove fluid that builds up in the body, such as pus from an infection or excess fluid from a wound or body cavity. In cancer care, drains help manage symptoms and infections by removing fluid to support diagnosis and treatment. Patients should ask their care team how drainage applies to their specific situation rather than seeing the word alone as a diagnosis or treatment plan.

A DRE, or digital rectal examination, is a simple physical exam where a doctor gently inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any unusual lumps or changes. It is often used to check the prostate gland in men and to look for abnormalities in the anus or rectum. This exam helps doctors detect conditions like prostate enlargement, anal disorders, or signs of cancer early.

Drenching night sweats are episodes of heavy sweating during sleep that soak your clothes and bedding. They can cause you to wake up feeling very wet. While they may be linked to some cancers like leukemia or lymphoma, not everyone with night sweats has cancer. If night sweats happen along with other symptoms such as fever, unexplained weight loss, or fatigue, it’s important to talk with your health care provider.

DRI, or Dietary Reference Intakes, are guidelines that recommend daily amounts of nutrients most healthy people need. These guidelines help patients and caregivers understand nutrition needs, especially during cancer treatment. It’s important to discuss with your care team how DRI applies to your individual health rather than treating it as a strict rule or treatment plan.

A driver mutation is a change in a gene’s DNA that helps cancer cells grow and spread. Testing tumor tissue for these mutations can guide doctors in choosing treatments that specifically target the cancer’s unique changes. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and discuss with the care team how it relates to the individual’s cancer and treatment options.

Dronabinol is a man-made pill that contains a chemical like THC, the active ingredient in marijuana. It is used in cancer care to help control nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, especially when other medicines have not worked well. It is not a treatment for cancer itself but can help make cancer treatment easier to tolerate.

Droperidol is a medicine used to prevent nausea and vomiting, especially after surgery. It can also help calm severe agitation or violent behavior in hospital settings. While it is generally safe in low doses, it may have side effects, so it’s important to understand how it applies to your care and ask your healthcare team any questions you have.

Dropouts are people who leave a clinical trial before it is completed. This can lead to missing information in the study. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand what dropouts mean in context and to ask the care team how this might affect individual care decisions. The term itself is not a diagnosis or treatment advice.

Droxia is a brand name for the drug hydroxyurea, used to treat certain patients with sickle cell anemia. It is also related to the drug Hydrea, which is used to treat some types of cancer, including chronic myelogenous leukemia and head and neck cancer. Patients should understand Droxia in context and discuss with their care team how it applies to their specific situation.

A drug is any substance used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a disease or condition. In cancer care, drugs include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, which aim to attack cancer cells or ease symptoms. Drugs can also affect the body and mind in various ways and may have side effects or risks.

Drug abuse means using illegal drugs or using prescription or over-the-counter medicines in ways not intended, or in amounts that can harm you. It can cause problems with your health, emotions, relationships, and work. Withdrawal symptoms may happen if you stop using some drugs suddenly. If you see this term, ask your care team what it means for you personally.

A Drug Accountability Record (DAR) is a detailed log used in clinical trials to track study drugs. It records information like the drug’s name, lot number, expiration date, and amounts received, used, returned, or discarded. DARs help ensure clinical trials are done safely and correctly. If you see this term in your medical documents, ask your care team how it relates to your treatment or trial participation.

A drug interaction happens when one medicine changes how another medicine works or causes unexpected effects. This can happen with cancer treatments, other drugs, herbal supplements, or certain foods. Understanding drug interactions helps keep treatments safe and effective. Always ask your care team how drug interactions might affect your specific medicines and health.

A drug product, also called a medication, is a substance used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a disease. Drug products come in many forms like pills, liquids, creams, or patches and may be taken by mouth, injection, or applied to the skin or eyes. Some contain active ingredients that affect the body, while others, like placebos, do not contain active ingredients and are used in research.

Drug resistance happens when cancer cells stop responding to medicines meant to kill or control them. This can make treatments less effective or cause the cancer to come back. One protein called BCRP can pump drugs out of cancer cells, leading to resistance. Patients can ask their care team if drug resistance affects their treatment and what options might help overcome it.

The drug substance, also called the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), is the main part of a medicine that produces its intended effect. In cancer care, this is the chemical or substance that works to fight cancer or manage symptoms. Medicines also contain other ingredients that do not treat the disease. Knowing about the drug substance helps patients understand what part of their treatment is actively working.

Drug therapy in cancer care means using medicines, especially chemotherapy, to treat cancer by killing or slowing cancer cells. These medicines can be strong and may cause side effects. A specially trained pharmacist often helps manage these drugs to keep treatment safe and effective. Patients should ask their care team how drug therapy applies to their specific situation rather than assuming it means a certain treatment or outcome.

Drug tolerance happens when the body gets used to a medicine, so it works less well over time. This can mean needing a higher dose or a different medicine. Sometimes, people develop tolerance to side effects, which can be helpful. It’s important to understand drug tolerance in the context of your care and ask your healthcare team what it means for you personally.

A dry orgasm is a sexual climax where no semen is released from the penis. This can happen for various reasons, including certain medical treatments or conditions affecting the prostate. If you notice changes in your sexual function, it’s important to talk with your healthcare provider to understand what it means for your health and treatment.

A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) is an independent group of experts who watch over clinical trials to make sure they are safe and fair. They regularly review trial results and can recommend changes or stopping the trial if needed. If you see this term, ask your care team how it relates to your care, as it is not a diagnosis or treatment by itself.

DT2219ARL Immunotoxin is an experimental treatment being studied for certain B-cell cancers. It combines an antibody that targets specific proteins on B cells with a toxic substance to kill these cancer cells. Patients should discuss with their care team how this treatment might relate to their individual situation rather than seeing the term as a diagnosis or recommendation.

DT388IL3 fusion protein is a laboratory-made substance studied for treating myeloid leukemia, a type of blood cancer. It combines a protein called interleukin-3 (IL-3) with a toxic part that targets and kills cancer cells. Patients should discuss with their care team how this term relates to their own diagnosis or treatment, rather than seeing it as a direct recommendation or diagnosis.

DTGM Fusion Protein is an experimental anticancer drug made by combining diphtheria toxin with a colony-stimulating factor called GM-CSF. The GM-CSF part helps the drug target cancer cells, while the diphtheria toxin works to kill those cells. If you see this term, it’s important to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis or treatment plan.

DTH, or delayed-type hypersensitivity response, is an immune reaction that happens 1 to 3 days after the body encounters something it recognizes as foreign. This response mainly involves certain immune cells called T cells. In cancer care, understanding DTH can help explain how the immune system reacts to tumors or treatments. If you see this term, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

DU 145 is a laboratory-grown cell line made from human prostate cancer cells. Researchers use it to study how prostate cancer cells grow and respond to treatments. For patients and caregivers, seeing DU 145 mentioned means it relates to research or testing, not a diagnosis or treatment plan for an individual.

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is a painless, low-dose X-ray test that measures the amount of minerals like calcium in your bones. It helps doctors check bone strength and thickness, usually focusing on the spine, hip, wrist, or heel. This test is important for finding weak bones, diagnosing osteoporosis, and monitoring bone health during cancer treatment.

A duct is a tube in the body that carries fluids, such as bile or milk. Ducts play important roles in digestion and other body functions. Problems in ducts can include blockages, infections, or cancer. For example, bile ducts carry digestive juices from the liver and gallbladder to the intestines, and breast ducts carry milk. Changes in ducts may be linked to diseases like bile duct cancer or breast conditions.

Ductal carcinoma is a type of cancer that starts in the lining of the milk ducts, the tubes that carry milk in the breast. It includes two main forms: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which is non-invasive, and invasive ductal carcinoma, where cancer cells have spread outside the ducts. Understanding this term helps patients and caregivers discuss diagnosis and treatment with their care team in context.

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive breast condition where abnormal cells are found lining the milk ducts but have not spread outside them. It is sometimes called intraductal breast carcinoma or stage 0 breast cancer. While DCIS itself is not life-threatening, it may increase the risk of developing invasive breast cancer if left untreated. DCIS is often found during routine mammograms before symptoms appear.

Ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN) is a condition where abnormal cells are found in the lining of the breast’s milk ducts. These cells are not cancer but may increase the risk of developing breast cancer if they change and spread outside the ducts. Types of DIN include atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). If you see this term, ask your care team what it means for your specific situation.

Ductal lavage is a procedure used to collect cells from the milk ducts inside the breast. A tiny tube is gently inserted into the nipple, and a small amount of salt water is washed into the ducts to gather cells. These cells are then examined under a microscope to help detect breast cancer. It is sometimes used alongside breast exams and mammograms. Patients should discuss with their care team how this test fits their personal care plan.

Ductography, also called galactography, is a special breast imaging test used when there is a clear or bloody discharge from one nipple. It involves injecting a small amount of dye into the milk ducts and taking x-rays to help find causes like benign growths, fibrocystic changes, or breast cancer. Patients should discuss what the test means for their own care with their healthcare team.

Dukes A colorectal cancer, also known as stage I colorectal cancer, means cancer has grown into the inner layers of the colon or rectum but has not spread beyond the muscle layer. It is an early stage of colorectal cancer. If you see this term in your medical report, it’s important to discuss with your care team what it means for your specific situation and treatment options.

Dukes B colorectal cancer, also known as stage II colorectal cancer, describes cancer that has grown through the muscle layer of the colon or rectal wall and reached the outermost layer, called the serosa. It may or may not have spread to nearby organs. This term helps describe how far the cancer has grown but does not by itself determine treatment or prognosis. Patients should discuss what it means for their individual case with their care team.

Dukes C colorectal cancer, also known as stage III colorectal cancer, means the cancer has grown beyond the innermost layers of the colon or rectum and has spread to nearby lymph nodes. This term helps describe how far the cancer has spread, which can guide treatment decisions. Patients should ask their care team what this means for their specific case.

Dukes Classification is an older system used to describe how far colorectal cancer has spread. It divides cancer into stages from A (early) to D (advanced). While it helped doctors understand cancer extent, newer systems like TNM are now more common. Patients should ask their care team how this classification relates to their own diagnosis and treatment.

Duloxetine Hydrochloride, also known as Cymbalta, is a medication used to treat depression, anxiety, nerve pain, fibromyalgia, and some chronic pain conditions. It works by increasing brain chemicals that help improve mood and reduce pain. It may cause side effects like nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, and sexual problems. Always talk with your healthcare provider about its use and possible risks.

Dumping syndrome is a condition where food moves too quickly from the stomach into the first part of the small intestine, causing symptoms like nausea, cramps, diarrhea, sweating, and dizziness. It often happens after stomach surgery and can cause early symptoms soon after eating or later symptoms related to low blood sugar.

Duodenitis is inflammation of the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine just after the stomach. Common symptoms include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, and discomfort. Causes can range from infections like Helicobacter pylori to autoimmune diseases or use of certain medications. Diagnosis usually involves an endoscopy with a biopsy. Treatment focuses on removing the cause of irritation or infection.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, connecting the stomach to the rest of the digestive tract. It helps digest food and absorb nutrients. Problems in the duodenum can include ulcers, infections, or cancer. Understanding this term can help patients and caregivers better follow diagnosis and treatment discussions.

The dura mater is the tough, outermost layer of tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord. It lies just beneath the skull and is one of three layers called the meninges. Understanding the dura mater is important when reading about brain surgeries or conditions, but it is best to ask your care team how it relates to your specific situation.

A Durable Power of Attorney (DPA) is a legal document that lets you name someone you trust to make medical, legal, or financial decisions for you if you become unable to do so. It often stays in effect until you cancel it or pass away. In health care, it’s sometimes called a health care proxy or medical power of attorney and can include your wishes about treatments like dialysis, breathing machines, or resuscitation.

A Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care is a legal document that lets you name someone you trust to make medical decisions for you if you cannot make them yourself. It is also called a health care proxy or medical power of attorney. This person can help guide your care based on your wishes, especially during serious illness or if you become unable to speak for yourself.

Durvalumab (brand name Imfinzi) is a cancer treatment that helps the immune system attack cancer cells. It is used alone or with other medicines to treat several cancers, including certain lung, bladder, biliary tract, endometrial, and liver cancers. Durvalumab works by blocking a protein called PD-L1, which some cancer cells use to hide from the immune system.

Dutasteride, also known as Avodart or GG745, is a medication used to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland, a common condition in older men. It works by blocking enzymes that help produce male hormones affecting prostate growth. Dutasteride is also being studied for its potential to reduce the risk of prostate cancer and to treat male hair loss. Patients should discuss with their care team how it applies to their health.

Duvelisib, also known by the brand name Copiktra, is a pill used to treat certain blood cancers like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), and follicular lymphoma when other treatments have not worked. It works by blocking proteins that help cancer cells grow. Duvelisib may cause serious side effects, so doctors carefully weigh its risks and benefits before prescribing it.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg, thigh, or pelvis. It can cause pain, swelling, and redness. DVT is important because a clot can break loose and travel to the lungs, causing a serious condition called pulmonary embolism (PE). Sitting still for long periods increases the risk of DVT. Treatment often involves medicines to prevent clots from growing or forming.

DX-52-1 is an anticancer drug that belongs to a group called antitumor antibiotics. It is part of the anthracycline family, which are medicines used to treat certain cancers by interfering with cancer cell growth. This term may appear in cancer treatment discussions or reports and should be understood in the context of a patient’s specific care plan.

Dx-8951F, also known as Exatecan Mesylate, is a type of anticancer drug called a topoisomerase inhibitor. It may appear in medical reports or treatment discussions. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask the care team how it relates to individual care, rather than seeing it alone as a diagnosis or treatment plan.

DXA, also called a BMD scan or DEXA scan, is a painless X-ray test that measures the amount of minerals like calcium in your bones. It helps show how strong and thick your bones are, usually checking areas such as the lower spine, hip, wrist, or heel. This test is often used to find weak bones, diagnose osteoporosis, and monitor bone health during cancer treatment.

Dysautonomia, also called autonomic nervous system disorder, affects the part of the nervous system that controls automatic body functions like heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and sweating. It can cause symptoms such as dizziness, changes in heart rate, or digestive problems. In cancer care, dysautonomia may result from cancer or its treatments and needs careful management.

Dyscrasia is a medical term that usually refers to disorders of the blood. It can describe conditions where abnormal substances or cells are present in the blood, such as in plasma cell dyscrasias. For patients and caregivers, it’s important to understand this term in context and ask the healthcare team what it means for the individual, rather than seeing it as a specific diagnosis or treatment plan.

Dysesthesia is an abnormal or unpleasant sensation, often described as burning, tingling, or pain. It can happen as a side effect of some cancer treatments, especially affecting the hands and feet, sometimes called Hand-Foot Syndrome or Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia. If you notice unusual feelings, redness, or swelling during treatment, it’s important to talk with your healthcare team about what it means for you.

Dysfunction means that a part of the body is not working normally. In cancer care, it often refers to problems like difficulty with urination, sexual function, or hormone balance. Understanding what tests, symptoms, and treatments relate to dysfunction can help you talk with your care team about how it might affect your treatment and quality of life.

Dysgerminoma is a type of tumor that usually starts in the ovary’s germ cells, which are the cells that develop into eggs. It most often affects teenage girls and young women and tends to grow and spread slowly. Some dysgerminomas produce a hormone called beta-HCG, which can cause symptoms. It is important to understand this term in context and discuss what it means for each person with the healthcare team.

Dysgeusia, also called parageusia, means having a bad or changed taste in the mouth. It often happens during cancer treatment and can affect how food tastes, sometimes causing a metallic or unpleasant flavor. Dysgeusia is different from losing your sense of taste or smell. If you see this term in your medical notes, ask your care team what it means for you personally.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) is a rare inherited disorder that mainly affects the skin, nails, and mouth. It can cause abnormal nail growth, skin color changes, and white patches inside the mouth. People with DKC may also face serious health problems like bone marrow failure, lung scarring, and certain cancers, including leukemia and cancers of the head, neck, and genitals.

Dyspepsia, often called indigestion or upset stomach, refers to discomfort or pain in the upper belly area. It is a common symptom that may appear in cancer care, related to treatment side effects, digestive issues, or other causes. Understanding dyspepsia depends on the specific medical context, so patients should ask their care team how it applies to their situation rather than assuming it is a diagnosis by itself.

Dysphagia means difficulty swallowing. It can happen for many reasons, including conditions that affect the throat or esophagus. In cancer care, dysphagia may signal issues like iron deficiency anemia-related Paterson-Kelly Syndrome or other esophagus problems. Recognizing and managing dysphagia early helps maintain nutrition and comfort during treatment. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

Dysphonia means trouble with the voice, such as hoarseness, breathiness, or a rough or strained sound. It can happen for many reasons, including voice overuse, infections, or changes in the voice box (larynx). Treatments include voice therapy, medical care, or surgery. If you hear this term, ask your care team what it means for you personally, as it is not a diagnosis by itself.

Dysplasia means abnormal changes in cells within a tissue or organ. It is not cancer but can sometimes lead to cancer if not monitored or treated. Dysplasia varies in severity and is often a warning sign that doctors watch closely to prevent cancer development. This entry helps connect the word with diagnoses, testing, treatments, supportive care, research notes, protocols, media, books, people, organizations, and safety concerns.

A dysplastic nevus is an unusual type of mole that looks different from common moles. These moles are often larger, have irregular borders, and uneven colors ranging from pink to dark brown. Having multiple dysplastic nevi can increase the risk of developing melanoma, a serious skin cancer. It’s important to discuss what this means for you with your healthcare team rather than treating the term alone as a diagnosis.

Dyspnea means shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. It is a common symptom in people with cancer and can be caused by many factors, including tumors, treatment side effects, or other health conditions. If you hear this term, it’s important to ask your care team what it means for you personally and how it might be managed.

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a rare inherited skin condition where the skin and some inner linings blister easily, often from birth. These blisters can cause scarring and other problems like difficulty swallowing or vision issues. People with DEB have a higher risk of developing a type of skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma at an early age. If you see DEB mentioned in medical records, ask your care team what it means for you or your loved one.